Indian Power Sector Clean Coal Technologies V S

Indian Power Sector- Clean Coal Technologies V. S. VERMA MEMBER , CERC 1

Highlights of Power Sector • Installed Capacity – from 1362 MW in 1947 at the time of Independence to 1, 82, 689 MW on 31/10/11 • Gross Electricity Generation – from 4073 MU in 1947 to 789, 013 MU ON 31/3/11 • Per capita consumption- from 16. 3 Units in ’ 47 to 813. 5 Units in 2010 -11 • All India PLF of thermal stations – from 52. 4 % in 1985 -86 to 76. 8% in 2010 -11 2

INSTALLED CAPACITY AS ON 31. 10. 2011 RES 20162 MW Diesel 11% 1200 MW 1% Gas 17742 MW 10% Nuclear 4780 MW 2% Hydro 38706 MW 21% Coal 100098 MW 55% Installed Capacity = 1, 82, 689 MW 3

5063 31. 3. 61 Years 31. 3. 11 132329 140000 31. 3. 07 105456 120000 31. 3. 02 86337 69915 100000 31. 3. 97 31. 3. 92 64112 80000 31. 3. 90 42710 30283 31. 3. 80 60000 31. 3. 85 28484 31. 3. 79 18282 13703 40000 31. 3. 74 31. 3. 69 9583 2813 31. 3. 56 31. 3. 66 1713 31. 12. 50 0 1362 20000 31. 12. 47 IC in MW GROWTH OF INSTALLED CAPACITY 182689 200000 180000 160000 4

16937 31. 3. 61 Years 800000 789013 900000 31. 3. 11 624495 700000 31. 3. 07 517439 600000 31. 3. 02 395889 500000 31. 3. 97 287029 400000 31. 3. 92 245438 300000 31. 3. 90 156859 104627 31. 3. 80 31. 3. 85 102523 66689 47434 200000 31. 3. 79 31. 3. 74 31. 3. 69 32990 9662 31. 3. 56 31. 3. 66 5106 31. 12. 50 0 4073 100000 31. 12. 47 GWh GROWTH OF ELECTRICITY GENERATION IN INDIA 5

GROWTH OF PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION 6

ALL INDIA PLANT LOAD FACTOR OF COAL BASED POWER PLANTS (%) 7

Actual Power Supply Position Period Peak Demand (MW) Peak Met (MW) Peak Deficit/ Surplus ( % ) Energy Requirment (MU) Energy Availability (MU) Energy Deficit/ Surplus ( % ) 2007 -08 108866 90793 -18073 -16. 6 739343 666007 -73336 -9. 9 2008 -09 109809 96785 -13024 -11. 9 777039 691038 -86001 -11. 1 2009 -10 119, 166 104, 009 -15, 157 -12. 7 830, 594 746, 644 -83, 950 -10. 1 2010 -11 122, 287 110, 256 -12, 031 -9. 8 861, 591 788, 355 -73, 236 -8. 5 8

Power Supply Position ( April 2011 -Oct 2011) Peak Met Demand (MW) Surplus/Deficit (MW) % Energy Requirement Availability (MU) Surplus/Deficit (MU) % Northern 40248 37117 -3131 -7. 8 164922 155486 -9436 -5. 7 Western 42042 36007 -6035 -14. 4 156328 142314 -14014 -9. 0 Madhya Pradesh 9150 7842 -1308 -14. 3 22885 20394 -2491 -10. 9 Southern 33937 31489 -2448 -7. 2 147438 138887 -8551 -5. 8 Eastern 14505 13971 -534 -3. 7 57944 55509 -2435 -4. 2 1920 1782 -138 -7. 2 6700 6069 -631 -9. 4 128907 114233 -14674 -11. 4 533332 498265 -35067 -6. 6 N-Eastern All India 9

CAPACITY ADDITION DURING 11 TH PLAN (2007 -2012) (in MW) Capacity addition target during 11 th Plan 78, 700 Capacity addition likely as per Mid Term Assessment 62, 374 Capacity addition likely as per latest assessment 52, 895 Capacity Commissioned during 11 th Plan (as on 15. 11. 2011) 44, 548 (Hydro- 5260 MW, Thermal-38, 408 MW, Nuclear – 880 MW) (Private Sector -17, 428 MW, State Sector- 14, 510 MW, Central Sector- 12, 610 MW) 10

Projects under construction in Madhya Pradesh -Thermal THERMAL 1 Vindhyachal TPP-IV U 11, 12 MP NTPC C 1000 2 Satpura TPP Ext U-10, 11 MP MPPGCL S 500 3 Shree Singati (Malwa) TPP U 1, 2 MP MPGENCO S 1200 4 Bina TPP U-1, 2 MP P 500 5 Anoppur TPP -I U 1, 2 MP MB Power ( M P) Ltd. P 1200 6 Sasan UMPP MP Reliance Power Ltd. P 3960 7 Nigri TPP U 1, 2 MP JP Power Ventures Ltd. P 1320 8 Mahan TPP U 1, 2 MP Essar Power MP Ltd. P 1200 9 DB POWER U 1, 2 MP DB POWER 1320 TOTAL (THERMAL) 12200 Bina Power Supply Company Ltd. , Jaypee Group 11

CAPACITY ADDITION -12 TH PLAN (2012 -2017) • Report of Working Group on Power for 12 th Plan expected shortly. Likely requirement of capacity addition during 12 th Plan - about 80, 000 MW. ( RES – 18, 500 MW; 55% Capacity - Private Sector; 40% - coal based supercritical technology • Target of energy saving through DSM and Energy Efficiency measures about 60 BU at busbar, avoided peaking capacity about 12, 000 MW. 12

Major Unit Sizes and Steam parameters Size Steam Parameter Efficiency MW ata/C/C (%) 30 -50 60/ 482 ~31 1950 60 -100 90/ 535 32 -33 1960 110 to 150 130/ 535/535 35 -36 1970 200/210 130, 150/535 36. 3, 37. 8 1977 250 150/535 38. 3 1995 500 170/ 538/538 38. 5 1984 500 170/535/565 38. 7 2010 660 247/535/565 ~39. 5 2010 660/800 247/565/593 40. 5 Efficiency on HHV basis Year 13

High Efficiency. . Indian Conditions • High CW temperature 33 -36 deg C • High Ambient temperature • Poor Coal Quality – High Ash – Slow burning – Abrasive • High Heat Rate (Low Efficiency) & High Aux Power • Estimated impact - ~ 2 -4 percentage points Efficiency Computations made on Gross Generation and GCV of Coal 14

Supercritical Unit Sizes Unit Size (MW) 660 Parameters Design Efficiency * Gross on HHV 247 kg/cm 2 538/565 O C 39. 5 % 247 kg/cm 2 565/593 O C 40. 5 % 800 247 kg/cm 2 565/593 O C 40. 5 % 15

Supercritical Technology • First Supercritical unit of 660 MW Commissioned in Dec-2010 • 4 Units with total capacity 2640 MW operating • ~ 4000 MW supercritical capacity to be operational in 11 th Plan (March -2012) • Supercritical to constitute ~40% coal fired capacity addition in 12 th Plan (2012 -17) • 100% coal fired capacity addition in 13 th Plan and beyond to be supercritical 16

Ultra supercritical (USC) technology − International Experience ~ 280 bars 600 deg C. − Experience limited mainly in Japan, Europe and few countries − International Developments under watch − Higher Steam Parameters Contemplated Based On Feed Back Of Operating Supercritical Units 17

LIST OF SUPERCRITICAL PROJECTS COMMISSIONED DURING 11 TH PLAN Sl. No. PLANT NAME STATE DEVELOPE R BENEFI TS 11 TH PLAN (200712) 1 MUNDRA TPP PH-II U 1, 2 GUJARAT ADANI POWER 1320 2 MUNDRA TPP PH-III U 1 GUJARAT ADANI POWER 660 3 SIPAT-I U 1 CHATTISG ARH NTPC 660 TOTAL (COMMISSIONED) TILL 15. 11. 2011 2640 18

LIST OF SUPERCRITICAL PROJECTS UNDER EXECUTION FOR LIKELY BENEFITS DURING 11 TH PLAN Sl. N o. PLANT NAME 1 ULTRA MEGA MUNDRA U 1 2 TIRODA TPP PH-I, U 1 3 SIPAT-I U 2 4 Jhajjar TPP U 1 TOTAL (UNDER EXECUTION) STATE DEVELOPER LIKELY BENEFITS 11 TH PLAN (2007 -12) GUJARAT TATA POWER 800 MAHARASHTRA ADANI POWER 660 CHATTISGARH NTPC 660 HARYANA CLP POWER 660 2780 19

LIST OF SUPERCRITICAL PROJECTS UNDER EXECUTION FOR LIKELY BENEFITS DURING 12 TH PLAN IN MADHYA PRADESH 1 2 Sasan UMPP U 1 -4 Reliance Power Ltd. 2640 MW Nigri TPP U 1 JP Power Ventures Ltd. 660 MW 20

Advance Ultra Supercritical Technology – Efforts underway for indigenous development of 700 deg C technology – Part of National Mission on Clean Coal Technology – Mo. U between IGCAR, NTPC & BHEL – Indigenous design and manufacturing of materials proposed 21

Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) • Limited International experience & with low ash coals ( Only 6 plants are in operation in the world) • Fluidised bed gasifier considered suitable for Indian coals not proven Internationally • High Capital and operating Cost • IGCC technology for Indian coal requires indigenous development through R&D – Feasibility studies done by Nexant, USA & BHEL • Indicate Low efficiency and low availability 22

Future Ahead for IGCC – BHEL MOU with APGENCO for IGCC demo project – NTPC desirous of setting up IGCC demo plant through International cooperation 23

Oxyfuel Technology • Is currently being developed around the world • Few small projects are in operation or proposed – Vattenfall 30 MW , Germany • Barriers – Need of high purity Oxygen – high penalty on Efficiency – Technology yet to be proven 24

CO 2 Emissions 25

Per Capita CO 2 Emissions (t CO 2/capita) • World – 4. 29 • India - 1. 37 • China – 5. 13 • USA - 16. 90 (Source: IEA key world Energy Statistics 2011) 26

Absolute CO 2 Emissions from Indian Power Sector* Emissions are from Grid Connected power stations Estimated to be ~600 Million tonnes in 2010 -11 27

Average CO 2 Emissions per unit Grid Average kg CO 2/k. Wh NEWNE 0. 82 Southern 0. 75 India 0. 81 NEWNE – Northern, Eastern, Western and North Eastern Grid 28

CO 2 emissions from various unit sizes in kg CO 2/MWh • 800 MW – ~0. 88 • 660 MW - ~0. 90 • 500 MW – ~0. 92 • 210 MW – ~0. 94 29

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