INDIAN ART AND CULTURE TOPICS COVERED TILL NOW

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INDIAN ART AND CULTURE TOPICS COVERED TILL NOW ART AND ARCHITECTURE IN ANCIENT PERIOD

INDIAN ART AND CULTURE TOPICS COVERED TILL NOW ART AND ARCHITECTURE IN ANCIENT PERIOD 1) CAVE ARCHITECTURE 2) STUPA ARCHITECTURE 3) SCULPTURE 4) TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE 5) TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE IN SOUTH INDIA 6) HARAPPAN CULTURE 7) EARLY VEDIC CULTURE

JAINISM Division of society into 4 varnas Reaction of kshatriyas to brahmins supremacy Desire

JAINISM Division of society into 4 varnas Reaction of kshatriyas to brahmins supremacy Desire of vaishyas to improve social position New agricultural economy Reaction of commoners

Teachings of mystery 24 tritankaras origin

Teachings of mystery 24 tritankaras origin

Personal details of Mahavira Titles- Mahavira, Jina, Jitendrita, Nigrantha Mother- Trisala Father - Siddhartha

Personal details of Mahavira Titles- Mahavira, Jina, Jitendrita, Nigrantha Mother- Trisala Father - Siddhartha Real – Vardhamana Birth 540 BCkundaligrama Wife – Yasoda Daughter – Annoja Son-in-law - Jamali

 • Rigveda – Rishaba and Arishtanemi • Vishnu purana and Bhagavat purana –

• Rigveda – Rishaba and Arishtanemi • Vishnu purana and Bhagavat purana – Rishabha as incarnation of Narayana 1 st trithankara – Rishabha – Bull 23 rd trithankara – Parshvanatha – Serpent 24 th trithankara – Vardhaman Mahavira - Lion Parsvanatha: o 23 rd trithankara o. Abandoned the throne @ 30 o. Ascetic o. Enlighted after 84 days of penance o. Died @ 100 yrs at sammet sikhar, Hazaribagh, Jharkhand 5 instruments of knowledge: 1. Matijnana – perception through activity of sense organs 2. Avadhi jnana – clairvoyant perception 3. Sitruta jnana – knowledge from scriptures 4. Manahparyaya jnana – telepathic knowledge 5. Keval jnana – omniscience or temporal knowledge

TEACHINGS OF MAHAVIRA ØPhilosophy of jainism associated with reality ØSoul is in bondage due

TEACHINGS OF MAHAVIRA ØPhilosophy of jainism associated with reality ØSoul is in bondage due to assimilation and influx of “karma” Ø 5 vows – Householder 1. Non-injury 2. Non- stealing 3. Non- adultery 4. Speaking the truth and non-possession 5. Observing continence (Brahmacharya) ü Feed cooked food to the needy everyday ü Lay worshipper should not take to agriculture – destruction of plants and animals q Imp aspect of phiosophy of jainism – Sallekhana (concept of voluntary death)

Train himself not to be affected by objects of senses Walk only during day-

Train himself not to be affected by objects of senses Walk only during day- no killing or injuring Abandon all wordly possession Code of conduct for monks

DOCTRINE OF KAIVALYA Renunciation & monastic life Triratnas Nonviolence

DOCTRINE OF KAIVALYA Renunciation & monastic life Triratnas Nonviolence

PHILOSOPHY OF JAINISM Anekantvada Syadvada Saptavanginayaya Nyayavada

PHILOSOPHY OF JAINISM Anekantvada Syadvada Saptavanginayaya Nyayavada

Devotees classification in Descending order Trithankara - Salvation Arihant - Nirvana Acharya – head

Devotees classification in Descending order Trithankara - Salvation Arihant - Nirvana Acharya – head of ascetic group Upadhaya – Teacher saint Sadhu - rest

JAINA COUNCILS First Second • Pataliputra @ Sthulabahu • 12 angas replaced lost 14

JAINA COUNCILS First Second • Pataliputra @ Sthulabahu • 12 angas replaced lost 14 purvas • Accepted by Swetambaras • Vallabhi @ Devaradhi Kshamasramana • Collect sacred texts and write them systematically • Compilation of 12 angas and 12 upangas

SECTS OF JAINISM Digambaras Swethambaras After death of Mahavira – severe famine led to

SECTS OF JAINISM Digambaras Swethambaras After death of Mahavira – severe famine led to great exodus of Jain Monk from ganga valley to deccan ØMigration led to great Schism • Digambaras – followers of Bhadrabahu @ south >> retention of rule of nudity • Swetambaras – Sthulabadra @ north >> wear white garments

Spread of Jainism q Spread to kailnga in 4 th century BC q. Kharavela

Spread of Jainism q Spread to kailnga in 4 th century BC q. Kharavela patronised in 1 st century AD q. Period between Mauryas and Guptas >> Orissa in the east to Mathura in west q. Later concentrated in 2 regions 1. Gujarat and Rajasthan – Svetambara sects 2. Mysore – Digambaras 3. Original home of Jainism – Ganga valley > little following

Decline of Jainism ü Took the concept of ahimsa too far üAdvised one should

Decline of Jainism ü Took the concept of ahimsa too far üAdvised one should not take medicine when one fell sick üBelieved life in trees and vegetables >> no harming them üDid not reach common man >> extreme penance and austerity üNo patronage from kings üDid not spread their religion Royal patrons: • South India – kadamb and ganga dynasty , Amogavarsha, Siddhraj jai singh, kumarapala • North India – Bimbisara, Ajathasatru, Chandragupta Maurya, Bindusara, Kharavela

JAIN’S ARCHITECTURE - CAVES Hathigumpha cave Baghagumpha cave Udayagiri and Khandagiri cave

JAIN’S ARCHITECTURE - CAVES Hathigumpha cave Baghagumpha cave Udayagiri and Khandagiri cave

JAIN’S ARCHITECTURE - TEMPLES Vimalavasahi temple Tejpala temple Palitana temple

JAIN’S ARCHITECTURE - TEMPLES Vimalavasahi temple Tejpala temple Palitana temple

JAIN’S ARCHITECTURE - TEMPLES Pavapuri temple - Bihar Rajagriha temple - Bihar

JAIN’S ARCHITECTURE - TEMPLES Pavapuri temple - Bihar Rajagriha temple - Bihar

JAIN’S ARCHITECTURE - TEMPLES Gomateswara / Bahubali at Shravanabelagola, Karnataka

JAIN’S ARCHITECTURE - TEMPLES Gomateswara / Bahubali at Shravanabelagola, Karnataka

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