INDIAN ART AND CULTURE TOPICS COVERED TILL NOW
- Slides: 23
INDIAN ART AND CULTURE TOPICS COVERED TILL NOW ART AND ARCHITECTURE IN ANCIENT PERIOD 1) CAVE ARCHITECTURE 2) STUPA ARCHITECTURE 3) SCULPTURE 4) TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE 5) TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE IN SOUTH INDIA 6) HARAPPAN CULTURE 7) EARLY VEDIC CULTURE
JAINISM Division of society into 4 varnas Reaction of kshatriyas to brahmins supremacy Desire of vaishyas to improve social position New agricultural economy Reaction of commoners
Teachings of mystery 24 tritankaras origin
Personal details of Mahavira Titles- Mahavira, Jina, Jitendrita, Nigrantha Mother- Trisala Father - Siddhartha Real – Vardhamana Birth 540 BCkundaligrama Wife – Yasoda Daughter – Annoja Son-in-law - Jamali
• Rigveda – Rishaba and Arishtanemi • Vishnu purana and Bhagavat purana – Rishabha as incarnation of Narayana 1 st trithankara – Rishabha – Bull 23 rd trithankara – Parshvanatha – Serpent 24 th trithankara – Vardhaman Mahavira - Lion Parsvanatha: o 23 rd trithankara o. Abandoned the throne @ 30 o. Ascetic o. Enlighted after 84 days of penance o. Died @ 100 yrs at sammet sikhar, Hazaribagh, Jharkhand 5 instruments of knowledge: 1. Matijnana – perception through activity of sense organs 2. Avadhi jnana – clairvoyant perception 3. Sitruta jnana – knowledge from scriptures 4. Manahparyaya jnana – telepathic knowledge 5. Keval jnana – omniscience or temporal knowledge
TEACHINGS OF MAHAVIRA ØPhilosophy of jainism associated with reality ØSoul is in bondage due to assimilation and influx of “karma” Ø 5 vows – Householder 1. Non-injury 2. Non- stealing 3. Non- adultery 4. Speaking the truth and non-possession 5. Observing continence (Brahmacharya) ü Feed cooked food to the needy everyday ü Lay worshipper should not take to agriculture – destruction of plants and animals q Imp aspect of phiosophy of jainism – Sallekhana (concept of voluntary death)
Train himself not to be affected by objects of senses Walk only during day- no killing or injuring Abandon all wordly possession Code of conduct for monks
DOCTRINE OF KAIVALYA Renunciation & monastic life Triratnas Nonviolence
PHILOSOPHY OF JAINISM Anekantvada Syadvada Saptavanginayaya Nyayavada
Devotees classification in Descending order Trithankara - Salvation Arihant - Nirvana Acharya – head of ascetic group Upadhaya – Teacher saint Sadhu - rest
JAINA COUNCILS First Second • Pataliputra @ Sthulabahu • 12 angas replaced lost 14 purvas • Accepted by Swetambaras • Vallabhi @ Devaradhi Kshamasramana • Collect sacred texts and write them systematically • Compilation of 12 angas and 12 upangas
SECTS OF JAINISM Digambaras Swethambaras After death of Mahavira – severe famine led to great exodus of Jain Monk from ganga valley to deccan ØMigration led to great Schism • Digambaras – followers of Bhadrabahu @ south >> retention of rule of nudity • Swetambaras – Sthulabadra @ north >> wear white garments
Spread of Jainism q Spread to kailnga in 4 th century BC q. Kharavela patronised in 1 st century AD q. Period between Mauryas and Guptas >> Orissa in the east to Mathura in west q. Later concentrated in 2 regions 1. Gujarat and Rajasthan – Svetambara sects 2. Mysore – Digambaras 3. Original home of Jainism – Ganga valley > little following
Decline of Jainism ü Took the concept of ahimsa too far üAdvised one should not take medicine when one fell sick üBelieved life in trees and vegetables >> no harming them üDid not reach common man >> extreme penance and austerity üNo patronage from kings üDid not spread their religion Royal patrons: • South India – kadamb and ganga dynasty , Amogavarsha, Siddhraj jai singh, kumarapala • North India – Bimbisara, Ajathasatru, Chandragupta Maurya, Bindusara, Kharavela
JAIN’S ARCHITECTURE - CAVES Hathigumpha cave Baghagumpha cave Udayagiri and Khandagiri cave
JAIN’S ARCHITECTURE - TEMPLES Vimalavasahi temple Tejpala temple Palitana temple
JAIN’S ARCHITECTURE - TEMPLES Pavapuri temple - Bihar Rajagriha temple - Bihar
JAIN’S ARCHITECTURE - TEMPLES Gomateswara / Bahubali at Shravanabelagola, Karnataka
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