India and China Establish Empires 300 B C

India and China Establish Empires, 300 B. C. –A. D. 550 CHAPTER 7 Chapter Overview Time Line MAP GRAPH SECTION 1 First Empires of India SECTION 2 Trade Spreads Indian Religions and Culture SECTION 3 Han Emperors in China Visual Summary QUIT

CHAPTER 7 India and China Establish Empires, 300 B. C. –A. D. 550 Chapter Overview Empires in both India and China establish powerful dynasties and develop strong, vibrant cultures. Invaders in India introduce new customs and knowledge to Indian society. In China, conquered peoples are made part of Chinese culture through marriage and education. Ruling styles and cultural advances vary in each empire. HOME

CHAPTER 7 HOME India and China Establish Empires, 300 B. C. –A. D. 550 Time Line 321 B. C. Chandragupta Maurya founds Mauryan Empire. 65 Buddhism takes root in China. A. D. 220 Han Dynasty falls. A. D. 300 B. C. A. D. 202 B. C. Liu Bang establishes China’s Han Dynasty. 105 Chinese invent paper. A. D. 550 320 Gupta Empire forms in India and encourages a renewal of Hindu faith. A. D.

1 HOME First Empires of India MAP Key Idea Both the Mauryan and Gupta empires temporarily unify India. During part of the Mauryan Empire, government policies are based on Buddhist teachings of nonviolence and tolerance. Indian culture thrives during the Gupta Empire. Overview Assessment

1 HOME First Empires of India MAP TERMS & NAMES Overview • Mauryan Empire • Asoka MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW • religious toleration The Mauryas and the Guptas established Indian empires, but neither unified India permanently. The diversity of peoples, cultures, beliefs, and languages in India continues to pose challenges to Indian unity today. • Tamil Assessment • Gupta Empire • patriarchal • matriarchal

1 HOME First Empires of India MAP Section 1 Assessment 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Compare the Mauryan and Gupta empires. Mauryan Empire Only Chandragupta used spies, Asoka followed teachings of Buddha. Both Unified through force, required high taxes, lasted for about 100 years Gupta Empire Only Defeated the Shakas, period of great cultural achievements, invaded by Hunas continued. . .

1 HOME First Empires of India MAP Section 1 Assessment 2. Which of the Indian rulers described in this section would you rather live under? Explain your opinion. THINK ABOUT • whether the ruler maintained peace and order—and how • what methods the ruler used to influence his subjects • developments in art and culture during the ruler’s reign ANSWER Possible Responses: • Chandragupta Maurya, because he tried to control crime. • Asoka, because he believed in nonviolence and promoted his subjects’ welfare. • Chandra Gupta II, because there was a cultural flowering during his reign. End of Section 1

2 HOME Trade Spreads Indian Religions and Culture Key Idea Changes in Buddhism and Hinduism make these religions more personal and appealing to the masses. India enters a highly productive period in art, literature, science, and mathematics. Through trade, Indian culture spreads to much of Asia. Overview Assessment

2 HOME Trade Spreads Indian Religions and Culture TERMS & NAMES Overview • Mahayana • Theravada MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW • Brahma Indian religions, culture, and science evolved and spread to other regions through trade. The influence of Indian culture and religions is very evident throughout Southeast Asia today. • Vishnu • Shiva • Kalidasa • Silk Roads Assessment

2 HOME Trade Spreads Indian Religions and Culture Section 2 Assessment 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. For each category shown below, list one or more specific developments in Indian culture. Indian Culture Religion Mahayana Buddhism; Hinduism became more personal. Literature/Arts Buddhist sculptures; Kalidasa wrote Shakuntala. Science/Math The decimal system; medical guides. Trade Profited from Silk Roads trade; traded with Rome, Africa, Southeast Asia, Arabia, China continued. . .

2 HOME Trade Spreads Indian Religions and Culture Section 2 Assessment 2. What do you think was the most significant effect of the changes in Buddhism and Hinduism? Explain. THINK ABOUT • the effect on people who practiced the religion • the effect on art and culture • the effect on other countries ANSWER Possible Responses: • More people were able to take part in popular worship. • Religion inspired art. • Both religions spread to many other countries. continued. . .

2 HOME Trade Spreads Indian Religions and Culture Section 2 Assessment 2. Cite three of the cultures that interacted with India. Explain the result of each cultural interaction. THINK ABOUT • interaction because of trade • the influence of art, science, religion ANSWER Possible Responses: • Greeks–Indians learned western timekeeping. • Central Asian nomads–They taught Indians about Silk Roads trade. • Southeast Asia–Indians spread Hinduism, Buddhism, and artistic styles. End of Section 2

3 HOME Han Emperors in China GRAPH Key Idea The Han Dynasty unifies China and develops a highly structured, bureaucratic government, which lasts about 400 years. Advances in technology and culture are made, but laws favoring landowners create economic and political instability. Overview Assessment

3 HOME Han Emperors in China GRAPH TERMS & NAMES Overview • Han Dynasty • centralized government MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW • civil service The Han Dynasty expanded China’s borders and developed a system of government that lasted for centuries. The pattern of a strong central government has remained a permanent part of Chinese life. • monopoly Assessment • assimilation

3 HOME Han Emperors in China GRAPH Section 3 Assessment 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List the methods that Han rulers used to centralize the government. Required local officials to report to central government Built up bureaucracy Centralized Government Established monopolies in many industries Created civil service, based on exams continued. . .

3 HOME Han Emperors in China GRAPH Section 3 Assessment 2. What problem do you think was most responsible for weakening the Han Dynasty’s power? THINK ABOUT • problems at court • problems with non-Chinese peoples • economic and social problems ANSWER Possible Responses: • The method of choosing an heir, because it led to distracting plots and power plays. • The nomads, because they forced China to levy taxes to maintain a large army. • The distribution of wealth, because poor people kept losing land to the rich, which caused peasant uprisings. End of Section 3