INDEPENDENCE VISITOR CENTER PHILADELPHIA PA SENIOR THESIS PRESENTATION

INDEPENDENCE VISITOR CENTER PHILADELPHIA, PA SENIOR THESIS PRESENTATION APRIL 17, 2003 BY LISA BORNEMANN LIGHTING / ELECTRICAL Independence Visitor Center Lisa Bornemann Philadelphia, PA Lighting/Electrical

INDEPENDENCE VISITOR CENTER • TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION THEATER LIGHTING TICKET COUNTER LIGHTING MAIN HALL LIGHTING GLAZING STUDY NOT DISCUSSED: ELECTRICAL DESIGN STRUCTURAL DESIGN EXTERIOR LIGHTING Independence Visitor Center Lisa Bornemann Philadelphia, PA Lighting/Electrical

INTRODUCTION • LOCATION Philadelphia, PA Redevelopment of Independence National Historical Park Independence Mall: Independence Visitor Center National Constitution Center Liberty Bell Pavilion Independence Visitor Center Lisa Bornemann Philadelphia, PA Lighting/Electrical

INTRODUCTION • BUILDING CHARACTERISTICS • 54, 000 square foot 2 story facility built above an existing 3 story parking garage. • Steel building with a brick façade. • Copper hip roof with skylights through part of it and a cupola in the center. • Large windows cover both the east and west sides. Picture courtesy of Brinjac Engineering • Grand Opening: November 19, 2001 Independence Visitor Center Lisa Bornemann Philadelphia, PA Lighting/Electrical

INTRODUCTION • DESIGN TEAM Architect: Kallmann, Mc. Kinnell & Wood Architects Owners: Independence Visitor Center Corporation National Park Service Philadelphia Parking Authority MEP Engineers: Brinjac / Kambic & Associates Lighting Designers: Fisher Marantz Stone Master Planners: Olin Partnership Independence Visitor Center Lisa Bornemann Philadelphia, PA Lighting/Electrical

INTRODUCTION • BUILDING ORIENTATION Philadelphia, PA: Latitude: 39° N Longitude: 75° W Theater Ticket Counter Main Hall Independence Visitor Center Lisa Bornemann Philadelphia, PA Lighting/Electrical

INDEPENDENCE VISITOR CENTER INTRODUCTION THEATER LIGHTING TICKET COUNTER LIGHTING MAIN HALL LIGHTING GLAZING STUDY Independence Visitor Center Lisa Bornemann Philadelphia, PA Lighting/Electrical

THEATER • SPACE CONDITIONS FINISHES FLOOR WALLS Acoustical Panels Rubber – Matte dark and drywall painted gray matte off-white ρ = 0. 20 Ρ = 0. 55 CEILING Drywall painted matte off-white ρ = 0. 70 FURNITURE Benches for 170 seats and Podium: Light wood with matte finish Independence Visitor Center Lisa Bornemann Philadelphia, PA Lighting/Electrical

THEATER • DESIGN GOALS ILLUMINANCE LEVELS TASK HORIZONTAL Circulation during video 0. 1 – 0. 2 fc Circulation before, after, and intermission 5 fc Reading before, after, and intermission 30 fc Speaker at podium 30 fc Independence Visitor Center Lisa Bornemann Philadelphia, PA Lighting/Electrical

THEATER • DESIGN GOALS • To highlight the speaker at the podium • Luminance Ratio 5: 1 • To have good facial modeling of the speaker and audience • To provide adequate visibility for safe circulation at all times • To provide comfortable viewing conditions • To minimize the power density: below the recommended value of 1. 6 W/sq. ft. for a motion picture theater Independence Visitor Center Lisa Bornemann Philadelphia, PA Lighting/Electrical

THEATER • REFLECTED CEILING PLAN Recessed 4” aperture halogen adjustable accent light Cove mounted fluorescent T 8 strip Recessed 6” aperture CFL downlight Independence Visitor Center Lisa Bornemann Philadelphia, PA Lighting/Electrical

THEATER • CALCULATION RESULTS Power Density 1. 04 W/sq. ft. < 1. 6 W/sq. ft. Luminance Illuminance Ratios levels Speaker : Floor Wall==305: 1 fc Illuminance levels Speaker = 15 -25 fc Wall = 2 -3 fc Illuminance levels Floor = 3 -4 fc Independence Visitor Center Lisa Bornemann Philadelphia, PA Lighting/Electrical

THEATER • FINAL RENDERINGS Path of egress during video Independence Visitor Center Lisa Bornemann Philadelphia, PA Lighting/Electrical

THEATER • FINAL RENDERINGS Independence Visitor Center Lisa Bornemann Philadelphia, PA Lighting/Electrical

INDEPENDENCE VISITOR CENTER INTRODUCTION THEATER LIGHTING TICKET COUNTER LIGHTING MAIN HALL LIGHTING GLAZING STUDY Independence Visitor Center Lisa Bornemann Philadelphia, PA Lighting/Electrical

TICKET COUNTER • LOCATION Independence Visitor Center Lisa Bornemann Philadelphia, PA Lighting/Electrical

TICKET COUNTER • SPACE CONDITIONS WINDOW FINISHES FLOOR WALLS CEILING FURNITURE Rubber - Matte dark gray ρ = 0. 20 Gypsum wall board painted off-white ρ = 0. 55 Drywall painted matte off-white ρ = 0. 70 Desk: Light wood with matte finish Counter: Dark gray, matte, ρ = 0. 20 Independence Visitor Center Lisa Bornemann Philadelphia, PA Lighting/Electrical

TICKET COUNTER • DESIGN GOALS ILLUMINANCE LEVELS TASK HORIZONTAL Reading written or printed tasks 30 fc VDT Screen 3 fc VERTICAL 3 fc Independence Visitor Center Lisa Bornemann Philadelphia, PA Lighting/Electrical

TICKET COUNTER • DESIGN GOALS • To use facial modeling to make the workers look approachable • To highlight the back wall to draw people’s attention • To provide a comfortable place for people to work • To prevent direct and reflected glare from VDT screens • To prevent glare and shadows on the work plane • To provide a power density that is below the recommended value of 1. 5 W/sq. ft. Independence Visitor Center Lisa Bornemann Philadelphia, PA Lighting/Electrical

TICKET COUNTER • REFLECTED CEILING PLAN 6” aperture CFL downlight Backlit frosted glass wall T 8 strip mounted in cove as a wallwasher T 8 fluorescent strip mounted behind glass wall for backlighting Independence Visitor Center Lisa Bornemann Philadelphia, PA Lighting/Electrical

TICKET COUNTER • BACKLIT WALL DETAILS Acoustical Ceiling Tile Fluorescent T 8 strip 3 M Film Office Frosted Glass Wall White Back Wall Fluorescent T 8 strip Backlit Frosted Glass Wall Fluorescent T 8 strip SECTION AT BACKLIT WALL FRONT VIEW OF BACKWALL Independence Visitor Center Lisa Bornemann Philadelphia, PA Lighting/Electrical

TICKET COUNTER • CALCULATION RESULTS Illuminance levels Counters = 30 fc Floor behind main counter = 20 fc Floor behind side counters = 30 fc Independence Visitor Center Lisa Bornemann Philadelphia, PA Lighting/Electrical

TICKET COUNTER • CALCULATION RESULTS Power Density: 1. 16 W/sq. ft. < 1. 5 W/sq. ft Luminance Ratios: VDT Screen and surrounding counters = 1: 3 Screen : computer = 1: 4 Independence Visitor Center Lisa Bornemann Philadelphia, PA Lighting/Electrical

TICKET COUNTER • FINAL RENDERINGS Independence Visitor Center Lisa Bornemann Philadelphia, PA Lighting/Electrical

INDEPENDENCE VISITOR CENTER INTRODUCTION THEATER LIGHTING TICKET COUNTER LIGHTING MAIN HALL LIGHTING GLAZING STUDY Independence Visitor Center Lisa Bornemann Philadelphia, PA Lighting/Electrical

MAIN HALL • LOCATION Independence Visitor Center Lisa Bornemann Philadelphia, PA Lighting/Electrical

MAIN HALL • SPACE CONDITIONS FINISHES FLOOR Gray-Green Terrazzo ρ = 0. 30 WALLS CEILING Gypsum wall board painted offwhite (Larson’s Cream) ρ = 0. 55 Perforated metal deck w/ acoustical panels, painted matte white. Parts with skylights. ρ = 0. 70 SKYLIGHT GLAZING Total existing system: Tv=50% SC = 0. 38 Independence Visitor Center Lisa Bornemann Philadelphia, PA Lighting/Electrical

MAIN HALL • DESIGN GOALS ILLUMINANCE LEVELS TASK Circulation HORIZONTAL 10 fc VERTICAL 3 fc Independence Visitor Center Lisa Bornemann Philadelphia, PA Lighting/Electrical

MAIN HALL • DESIGN GOALS • To make the space feel like it is outside • To increase the daylight in the space through addition of skylights • To avoid as much direct glare as possible from skylights • Integrate daylight with electric light • To create a pleasing and inviting environment • To provide a power density that is below the recommended value of 0. 5 – 1. 6 W/sq. ft. for a corridor or transition space Independence Visitor Center Lisa Bornemann Philadelphia, PA Lighting/Electrical

MAIN HALL • REDESIGN T 5 HO Strip Uplighting the roof with light blue gels to match the color of daylight Additional Skylights Surface mounted to bottom of truss, T 5 HO lamp with cross baffles. Independence Visitor Center Lisa Bornemann Philadelphia, PA Lighting/Electrical

MAIN HALL • REDESIGN Additional skylights will be added to the already existing skylight configuration Locations of additional skylights Independence Visitor Center Lisa Bornemann Philadelphia, PA Lighting/Electrical

MAIN HALL • REDESIGN Direct Glare Prevention from Skylights Use Micro Sun Shielding Louvers embedded between the two panes of glass in the skylights. Diffuse Skylight The Micro Sun Shielding Louver is used in this Solar Radiation example. The skylights still appear clear. They reflect the direct solar rays while allowing the diffuse skylight to pass through. Independence Visitor Center Lisa Bornemann Philadelphia, PA Lighting/Electrical

MAIN HALL • CALCULATION RESULTS With electric light only Illuminance on floor = 12 fc Power Density: 1. 56 W/sq. ft. < 1. 6 W sq. ft. Independence Visitor Center Lisa Bornemann Philadelphia, PA Lighting/Electrical

MAIN HALL • RENDERINGS Independence Visitor Center Lisa Bornemann Philadelphia, PA Lighting/Electrical

INDEPENDENCE VISITOR CENTER INTRODUCTION THEATER LIGHTING TICKET COUNTER LIGHTING MAIN HALL LIGHTING GLAZING STUDY Independence Visitor Center Lisa Bornemann Philadelphia, PA Lighting/Electrical

MAIN HALL • GLAZING STUDY Calculations performed in Radiance Existing Calculation Resultsskylight configuration and new skylight configuration Dates: 21 andconditions Decemberdo 21 not provide a uniform Existing. June skylight illuminance floor due to 4: 00 the shape Times: 9: 00 on am, the 12: 00 pm, and pm of the skylights. The maximum illuminance levels are the same for both Sky conditions: Clear configurations, but the new configuration is much more uniform Glazing: Existing Glazing – Transmittance = 54%, SC = 0. 38 There is plenty of light on the floor most times of the day and year. The times when electric light will be necessary are after 4: 00 pm. December 4: 00 pm: 12 -20 fc June 4: 00 pm: 100 -150 fc Independence Visitor Center Lisa Bornemann Philadelphia, PA Lighting/Electrical

MAIN HALL • GLAZING STUDY CHARACTERISTICS OF GLAZINGS COMPARED Visible Light Transmittance U-value Winter U-value Summer SHGC SC Outdoor Visible Light Reflectance Sungate 500 (2) Clear 74% 0. 35 0. 38 0. 6 0. 7 16% Solarban 80 (2) Clear 47% 0. 29 0. 23 0. 27 32% Solarcool (2) Azuria 26% 1. 09 1. 14 0. 36 0. 41 19% Solarban 60 (3) Azuria 52% 0. 29 0. 31 0. 35 9% Glazing Independence Visitor Center Lisa Bornemann Philadelphia, PA Lighting/Electrical

MAIN HALL • GLAZING STUDY MECHANICAL LOAD COMPARISON Glazing Type Cooling Load (BTU/hr) Cooling Load (Tons) Heating Load (BTU/hr) Heating Load (Tons) Sungate 500 (2) Clear 168780 14. 1 205625 17. 1 Solarban 80 (2) Clear 155281 12. 9 201317 16. 8 Solarcool (2) Azuria 187569 15. 6 260544 21. 7 Solarban 60 (3) Azuria 165967 13. 8 202035 16. 8 Compared with mechanical loads for existing skylight configuration: Cooling = 11. 7 tons Heating = 16. 2 tons Independence Visitor Center Lisa Bornemann Philadelphia, PA Lighting/Electrical

• CONCLUSION • Additional skylights are recommended: Electric light is only rarely required People will feel close to the outdoors Minimal heating and cooling load changes with properly selected glazing • Power densities were below requirements • Design solutions meet the required criteria • Designs had minimal intrusion on the spaces All fixtures were hidden in coves or at least recessed Independence Visitor Center Lisa Bornemann Philadelphia, PA Lighting/Electrical

• ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AE FACULTY DR. MISTRICK DR. MOECK ED WUNDERLEY AE FRIENDS KEVIN OLSAVSKY – BRINJAC ENGINEERING FISHER MARANTZ STONE FRIENDS AND FAMILY Independence Visitor Center Lisa Bornemann Philadelphia, PA Lighting/Electrical

QUESTIONS? ? ? Independence Visitor Center Lisa Bornemann Philadelphia, PA Lighting/Electrical

THEATER • CONTROLS Independence Visitor Center Lisa Bornemann Philadelphia, PA Lighting/Electrical

TICKET COUNTER • BACKLIT WALL DETAILS Independence Visitor Center Lisa Bornemann Philadelphia, PA Lighting/Electrical

MAIN HALL • GLAZING CONFIGURATION New glazing panes: 3’ 4” x 6’ 5” Old glazing panes: 3’ 4” x 2’ 1” New glazing Area: 1480 sq. ft. Old glazing Area: 564. 6 sq. ft. Increase in area by 162% Independence Visitor Center Lisa Bornemann Philadelphia, PA Lighting/Electrical

MAIN HALL • STRUCTURAL STUDY Due to an increase in load with the skylights a structural study was performed Deflection and Moment Calculations were performed New skylight added to existing skylight to match larger skylight W 10 x 22 + C 6 X 8. 2 W 10 x 22 W 10 x 33 + W 6 x 9 W 10 x 22 + C 6 x 8. 2 Independence Visitor Center Lisa Bornemann Philadelphia, PA Lighting/Electrical

MAIN HALL • STRUCTURAL STUDY Independence Visitor Center Lisa Bornemann Philadelphia, PA Lighting/Electrical

THEATER • POWER DENSITY Power Density: Theater Lamp Watt age Input Watta ge Number Fixtu res Total Watta ge FA 32 38 25 950 FB 32 29. 5 22 649 FC 20 20 2 40 Total Wattage 1639 Square Footage 1580 Power Density 1. 04 Type Independence Visitor Center Lisa Bornemann Philadelphia, PA Lighting/Electrical

TICKET COUNTER • POWER DENSITY Power Density: Ticket Counter Lamp Wattag e Input Wattag e Number Fixtures FD 26 26. 5 16 424 FE 32 35 4 140 FF 32 37. 3 7 261. 1 FF-1 16 17. 5 1 17. 5 Total Wattage 842. 6 Square Footage 729 Power Density 1. 16 Type Total Wattage Independence Visitor Center Lisa Bornemann Philadelphia, PA Lighting/Electrical

MAIN HALL • POWER DENSITY Power Density: Main Hall Lam Inpu p t W W a a Typ t t e t t a a g g e e FG 54 62 Independence FH Visitor Center 54 58. 5 Philadelphia, PA Num b Tota e l r W F a i t x t t a u g r e e s 10 620 88 514 8 Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical