Incorporating Sources Quoting Paraphrasing Summarizing Whats the difference

Incorporating Sources Quoting, Paraphrasing, Summarizing

What’s the difference? Direct Quote = word for word, even for punctuation Paraphrase = usually shorter than original passage; retains meaning; in your own words Summary = shorter than original; retains only main points

Paraphrasing Pointers Always attribute ideas Introducing the passage with an attribution (for example: according to Howard Gardner. . . ) Or by including their name in the parenthetical reference directly after the paraphrase. Include a citation at the end of each paraphrased passage Warner This explains this thought was profound (45). thought was profound (Warner 45).

Paraphrasing Pointers 1. Read your source carefully and several times, until you understand exactly what the author is saying, 2. Look away and rely on your memory to record the statement in your own words. 3. Check your paraphrase against the source for accuracy, and modify phrases that match the original too closely. If you must borrow a unique word or phrase, enclose it in quotation marks.

NOT a Great Paraphrase Original Source: "America today has veered too far in the direction of formal testing without adequate consideration of the costs and limitations of an exclusive emphasis on that approach. " Paraphrase Version 1: America has now gone too far toward formal testing, without realizing the costs and limitations of exclusively emphasizing that approach (Gardner 179).

A PRETTY GOOD Paraphrase Original Source: "America today has veered too far in the direction of formal testing without adequate consideration of the costs and limitations of an exclusive emphasis on that approach. " Paraphrase Version 2: In the United States, the education system places too much emphasis on formal testing by overlooking the constraints and expenses imposed when that assessment strategy is solely employed (Gardner 179).

Paraphrase “In short, adoption is a ubiquitous social institution in American society, creating invisible relationships with biological and adoptive kin that touch far more people than we imagine. ” Reese Wallace, page 16

Paraphrase this. “Studying can also be more effective if one changes their environment while studying. The thinking behind this is that as when an individual changes their environment the brain associates different aspects of the learning and gives a stronger hold and additional brain pathways with which to access the information. ” Educational Resources Information Center, pg. 5

Paraphrase this. “Illiteracy is a problem in many of the world’s poorest countries. Even in wealthier nations like the United States, many children struggle with reading and writing. But in 19 cities across the country [United States], the volunteers of Experience Corps are helping youngsters learn to read. The volunteers, all over 50, work with students in low-income areas. ” Mark Woodman, page 65

Summarize this from Bank of Bob page. nd 2 231, paragraph

Summarize this from Bank of Bob page. 222, st 1 paragraph, st 1

Paraphrase this. “Every state is a community of some kind, and every community is established with a view to some good; for mankind always act in order to obtain that which they think good. But, if all communities aim at some good, the state or political community, which is the highest of all, and which embraces all the rest, aims at good in a greater degree than any other, and at the highest good. ” Aristotle, Politics, page 1