Inconsistent Triad St Augustine Evil is the privation

Inconsistent Triad St Augustine Evil is the privation of good God is clearly a maniac David Hume John Hick Humans need to grow to become spiritually perfect Stephen Fry

Objective: To understand the differences in opinion on evil and suffering in the world Good if you can state different sources of wisdom and authority on the topic of evil and suffering Great if you can explain Catholic ambivalence towards suffering Even better if you can apply your learning to an exam-style question SMSC Cultural Spiritual Humility le Exam-sty Question Christian Values LITERACY

Task: Can you add a definition to each key term? Evil Free will Suffering Goodness Privation Good if you can state different sources of wisdom and authority on the topic of evil and suffering Great if you can explain Catholic ambivalence towards suffering Even better if you can apply your learning to an exam-style question

Task: Can you add a definition to each key term? Evil – the absence of good and the impulse to seek out own desires at the expense of the good of others, which often results in suffering Free will – the decision making part of a person’s mind. A will is free if the person is able to chose right from wrong without being controlled by other forces Suffering – pain which harms human beings. Some suffering is caused by other human beings (often called moral evil) some is not (often called natural evil) Goodness – the quality of being like God: seeking the well-being of others selflessly. Privation – the loss or absence of a quality or something that is normally present. Evil is the privation of good. Good if you can state different sources of wisdom and authority on the topic of evil and suffering Great if you can explain Catholic ambivalence towards suffering Even better if you can apply your learning to an exam-style question

Task 1: Explain each topic in a short paragraph that shows you understand the views of Catholics • • Original Sin Free will Privation Suffering Task 2. Write out a source of wisdom and/or authority that might be relevant to each concept. e. g Original Sin is the first crime against God. It is also known as ‘The Fall’ when Adam and Eve ate from the tree of knowledge of good and evil. A source of wisdom and authority that explains this is Genesis Chapter three that tells this story. Good if you can state different sources of wisdom and authority on the topic Good if you can state four Jewish rituals and what happens in each of evil and suffering Greatififyou youcan canexplain why rituals are observed, teachings Great Catholic ambivalence towards using suffering Evenbetterififyou youcan apply your learning an exam-style question Even apply your learning to antoexam-style question

Original Sin is the first crime against God. It is also known as ‘The Fall’ when Adam and Eve ate from the tree of knowledge of good and evil. A source of wisdom and authority that explains this is Genesis Chapter three that tells this story. Free will is a gift from God. Catholics believe we have all been given the ability to chose between good and evil The source of wisdom I could use to explain this is St Irenaeus who says we need to have free choice to learn to make the correct choice. • • Original Sin Free will Privation Suffering Good if you can state different sources of wisdom and authority on the topic Good if you can state four Jewish rituals and what happens in each of evil and suffering Great youcan canexplain why rituals are observed, teachings Great ififyou Catholic ambivalence towards using suffering Even betterififyou youcan apply your learning toexam-style an exam-style question Even better apply your learning to an question

Privation is the absence of something. Catholics may choose to believe that evil is the privation of good. The source of wisdom I could use to explain this is St Augustine. In his Enchiridion he writes ‘for what is that which we call evil but the absence of good’. Suffering is pain which harms humans. Whilst some may think suffering proves there is no God Catholics would argue that God can bring a greater good out of suffering and suffering brings us closer to God. The source of wisdom I could use to explain this is the story of Job or also the suffering servant ‘Isaiah 53’ • • Original Sin Free will Privation Suffering Good if you can state different sources of wisdom and authority on the topic of evil and suffering Great if you can explain Catholic ambivalence towards suffering Even better if you can apply your learning to an exam-style question

Task: Which of these words relate directly to the topic David Hume and the Inconsistent Triad? Omnibenevolent manic Evil Job Free will Omnipotent Inconsistent Nature goodness soul Atheist worship Good if you can state different sources of wisdom and authority on the topic Good if you can state four Jewish rituals and what happens in each of evil and suffering Great youcan canexplain why rituals are observed, teachings Great ififyou Catholic ambivalence towards using suffering Even better apply your learning to an question Even betterififyou youcan apply your learning toexam-style an exam-style question

Task: Which of these words relate directly to the topic David Hume and the Inconsistent Triad? Omnibenevolent manic Evil Job Free will Omnipotent Inconsistent Nature goodness soul Atheist worship Good if you can state different sources of wisdom and authority on the topic Good if you can state four Jewish rituals and what happens in each of evil and suffering Great youcan canexplain why rituals are observed, teachings Great ififyou Catholic ambivalence towards using suffering Even better apply your learning to an question Even betterififyou youcan apply your learning toexam-style an exam-style question

Catholics say that God is good and creation is good. But what does this mean? A complete understanding of God is beyond us (think about the story of Job as an example of this) but analogy can help us understand. For example – everyone sins yet we still see many signs of goodness in people; generosity, kindness, forgiveness and compassion. If this is human good ness then God the creator, in whose image we are made, must be supremely good. Similarly if we look at the world around us; at the oceans, the forests, the sky, we can see the beauty. This teaches us about the beauty of God, as ‘the beauty of creation reflects the infinite beauty of the creator’ (CCC) Good if you can state different sources of wisdom and authority on the topic of evil and suffering Great if you can explain Catholic ambivalence towards suffering Even better if you can apply your learning to an exam-style question

Mackie – free will and evil Hick –free will and growth Mackie argued that even if we need e………to help us see good we only need a l………bit. He says there is far more and far worse s…………than is needed to contrast with the good. He also asks why G……needs to make us better through s…………. Why not just make us p…………. to begin with. Suffering can make people w…………. , not better. Finally Mackie feels e…. . And suffering are too high a price to pay for having f…. . will John Hick developed the idea of Saint I………. . According to Hick, humans are made in the i……. of God but are not p……. . They need to grow to become s………. perfect. Suffering and e…. . is the best way for humans to develop. Through f…. choice we can learn to make the c……. . choice. This explains why God allows e……. It helps us grow and become better p……… Good if you can state different sources of wisdom and authority on the topic of evil and suffering Great if you can explain Catholic ambivalence towards suffering Even better if you can apply your learning to an exam-style question

Mackie – free will and evil Mackie argued that even if we need evil to help us see good we only need a little bit. He says there is far more and far worse suffering than is needed to contrast with the good. He also asks why God needs to make us better through suffering. Why not just make us perfect to begin with. Suffering can make people worse not better. Finally Mackie feels evil and suffering are too high a price to pay for having free will Hick –free will and growth John Hick developed the idea of Saint Irenaeus. According to Hick, humans are made in the image of God but are not perfect. They need to grow to become spiritually perfect. Suffering and evil is the best way for humans to develop. Through free choice we can learn to make the correct choice. This explains why God allows evil. It helps us grow and become better people. Good if you can state different sources of wisdom and authority on the topic of evil and suffering Great if you can explain Catholic ambivalence towards suffering Even better if you can apply your learning to an exam-style question

Task: How many gaps can you fill in? 5 facts from Job: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 4 Facts about free will: 1. 2. 3. 4. 2 Jewish views on evil and suffering: 1. 2. 3 thoughts of St Augustine 1. 2. 3. 1 quote about the goodness of God: 1. Good if you can state different sources of wisdom and authority on the topic of evil and suffering Great if you can explain Catholic ambivalence towards suffering Even better if you can apply your learning to an exam-style question

Task: How many gaps can you fill in? 5 facts from Job: 1. God tests Job’s faith 2. Job questions God 3. God answers personally 4. We cannot understand God 5. We should trust God’s plan 4 Facts about free will: 1. Gift from God 2. Humans are not robots 3. We can choose between good and evil 4. If we choose the wrong thing it causes suffering 2 Jewish views on evil and suffering: 1. No original sin – yetzer hara, yetzer ha tov 2. God gives us choices and we must struggle against the inclination to do evil 3 thoughts of St Augustine 1. Evil helps us appreciate good 2. Evil is the absence of good 3. Evil helps us become better people 1 quote about the goodness of God: 1. ‘as the beauty of creation reflects the infinite beauty of the creator’ CCC Good if you can state different sources of wisdom and authority on the topic of evil and suffering Great if you can explain Catholic ambivalence towards suffering Even better if you can apply your learning to an exam-style question

Task: Match the statement to the correct source of wisdom. Job – Why God allows suffering Isaiah 53 – the suffering servant Jewish View • • • Evil and suffering is a consequence of human • beings wrong choices, not original sin We are not capable of understanding the reasons • God chooses to do some things. God is the source of all life and referred to in the • Torah as the sole creator. A ‘suffering servant’ brought us salvation It is a prophecy, perhaps about Jesus death It teaches Catholics to trust that God understands the reasons for suffering It is a prophecy about how Israel and Jewish people suffer in order to redeem the wicked in humanity. Suffering is a mystery and God uses suffering to bring about good. Good if you can state different sources of wisdom and authority on the topic of evil and suffering Great if you can explain Catholic ambivalence towards suffering Even better if you can apply your learning to an exam-style question

Task: Match the statement to the correct source of wisdom. Isaiah 53 – the suffering servant Job – Why God allows suffering • • • We are not capable of understanding the reasons God chooses to do some things. It teaches Catholics to trust that God understands the reasons for suffering Suffering is a mystery and God uses suffering to bring about good. • • • A ‘suffering servant’ brought us salvation It is a prophecy, perhaps about Jesus death It is a prophecy about how Israel and Jewish people suffer in order to redeem the wicked in humanity. Jewish View • • Evil and suffering is a consequence of human beings wrong choices, not original sin God is the source of all life and referred to in the Torah as the sole creator. Good if you can state different sources of wisdom and authority on the topic of evil and suffering Great if you can explain Catholic ambivalence towards suffering Even better if you can apply your learning to an exam-style question

Test your knowledge with these quick questions. Good if you can state different sources of wisdom and authority on the topic of evil and suffering Great if you can explain Catholic ambivalence towards suffering Even better if you can apply your learning to an exam-style question

Test your knowledge with these quick questions. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Handbook Evil helps us appreciate good, evil is not a thing, evil makes us better Privation means ‘absence’ for example evil is the privation of good. God deliberately made a world which was not perfect because only in an imperfect world could human beings learn and grow. Love is impossible without suffering. If you love someone you would do anything for them. Also, everyone experiences loss due to love at some point in their life. Jesus makes clear that being a disciple always requires sacrifice and a cost: To show we are really committed to something, we must experience suffering. ‘Whoever wants to be my disciple must deny themselves and take up their cross and follow me. ’ (Mark 8: 34) God’s way of seeing the world is not our way, and that those who are lowest in the world’s eyes are often closest to God. He suffers the pain that should be ours, he suffers so we don’t have to Good if you can state different sources of wisdom and authority on the topic of evil and suffering Great if you can explain Catholic ambivalence towards suffering Even better if you can apply your learning to an exam-style question

Mackie – free will and evil Mackie argued that even if we need e………to help us see good we only need a l………bit. He says there is far more and far worse s…………than is needed to contrast with the good. He also asks why G……needs to make us better through s…………. Why not just make us p…………. to begin with. Suffering can make people w…………. , not better. Finally Mackie feels e…. . And suffering are too high a price to pay for having f…. . will Hick –free will and growth John Hick developed the idea of Saint I………. . According to Hick, humans are made in the i……. of God but are not p……. . They need to grow to become s………. perfect. Suffering and e…. . is the best way for humans to develop. Through f…. choice we can learn to make the c……. . choice. This explains why God allows e……. It helps us grow and become better p………