InClass Problems 1 Sketch the following functions a

In-Class Problems 1. Sketch the following functions: a) x(t) = 3 sin(40 pt) for 0≤ t ≤ 0. 2 sec b) z(t) = 10 e-4 t for 0≤ t ≤ 0. 5 sec 2. What is ? 3. What is 4. What is ? ?

Capacitor-Resistor Circuits • In-class activity: • In pairs build this circuit in Multisim. • Look at the voltage across the capacitor on the oscilloscope. • Describe what you see when the switch moves between positions (let the switch stay in each position until the capacitor voltage stops changing).

Discharge of a Capacitor Through a Resistor • In the following circuit, when the switch moves from the battery to the wire connected to ground, the voltage across the capacitor is vc(t) = Vse-t/RC Vs vc -

Class Activity • What are the units of RC in vc(t) = Vse-t/RC ? • Since vc(t) = Vse-t/RC and is i(t) in terms of Vs, R and C? , what • What do vc(t) and i(t) look like on a graph?

Step Response: RC Time Constants • Now, what happens when the switch moves the other way? Vs The response of the capacitor voltage will be to charge up to the supply voltage.

Vc Response to Constant Voltage Vs • The voltage across the capacitor will rise and asymptotically approach Vs How can we describe this mathematically?

Analysis of RC Circuits Vs Kirchhoff’s voltage loop law Ohm’s law across resistor Substituting for VR gives vc

Analysis of RC Circuits Vs vc From previous page Substitute in for i

Analysis of RC Circuits • The equation. is called a differential • The solution is of the form: where is defined as the time constant = the circuit time constant, in seconds if and only if C = the total (connected) capacitance Farads R = the total (connected) resistance Ohms

Team Activity • Substitute into the equation to show that LHS = RHS

Team Activity Show that when t is 5 times the time constant, , the capacitor voltage is 99. 33% of the peak voltage.

Team Activity – Discharge Process Kirchhoff’s voltage loop law ? Ohm’s law across resistor? Substituting for VR gives?

Team Activity • From previous activity the equation • Substitute into the above equation and show that LHS = RHS

Rectangular Wave • If you repeatedly switch between the battery and the short you are effectively applying a rectangular time pulse to the RC circuit.

Rectangular Wave Response • The voltage across the capacitor will behave as below in response to such a wave: