In vivo imaging of ICAM1 targeted nanoparticles in

In vivo imaging of ICAM-1 targeted nanoparticles in XPC and wild mice exposed to ambient air pollution in São Paulo, Brazil Nilmara Alves Post-doctoral researcher School of Medicine of University of São Paulo, Brazil Supervisor: Prof. Paulo Saldiva

São Paulo Metropolitan Area ~ 20 million people ~ 8 million vehicles Increase in the incidence of lung adenoma in mice (Reymão et al. , 1997) Increase of airway inflammation in motorcyclists exposed to pollutants in São Paulo (Brant et al. , 2014) Alterations of alveolar structure in mice exposed to particulate matter (Mauad et al. , 2008)

Urban Pollution in Real Time ? Adapted by Hoeijmakers, Nature 411, 2001.

Nucleotide Excision Repair - NER Studies show that knockout mice in the XPC gene have an increase in lung tumors (Melis et al. , 2008; 2013) X

Harvard Ambient Particle Concentrator Accumulated dose of PM 2. 5 : 600 µg. m-3 in 1 hour PM 2. 5 = 25 µg. m-3 in 24 -hour mean (World Health Organization)

Harvard Ambient Particle Concentrator - Particle size of Ambient Particle Concentrator using Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) The fairly constant concentration factor on this size range, including particle size of tens of nanometers.

Groups of animals C 57 -WT C 57 -XPC Filtered Air (n=5 animals) Inhaled Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) – ( n=5 animals) Polluted Air 1 day of exposure (n=5 animals) Polluted Air 5 days of exposure (n=5 animals)

Methodology using Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 24 hours after the exposure anti-ICAM-1 targeted nanoparticles injected via intravenous Analysis using IVIS spectrum

Control Experimental anti-ICAM antibody control isotype antibody PM PM PM ICAM PM PM = Di. D- lipophilic fluorochrome PM PM Unspecific or no interaction Slide by Ph. D Wesley Fotoran (ICB-USP)

Intensidade da fluorescência Fluorescence Intensity Results - 1 DAY EXPOSURE 1. 2 E+08 1. 0 E+08 8. 0 E+07 6. 0 E+07 4. 0 E+07 2. 0 E+07 0. 0 E+00 Ar limpo Filtered Air Polluted Air C 57 -XPC Ar poluído. Air Polluted

Fluorescence Intensidade da. Intensity fluorescência Results - 1 DAY EXPOSURE Filtered Air Inhaled LPS C 57 -XPC Polluted Air C 57 -XPC 1. 2 E+08 1. 0 E+08 8. 0 E+07 6. 0 E+07 4. 0 E+07 2. 0 E+07 0. 0 E+00 Ar limpo Filtered Air LPS Ar Poluído. Air Polluted

Fluorescence Intensity Intensidade da fluorescência Results - 1 DAY EXPOSURE Polluted Air - XPC Polluted Air - WT 2. 0 E+08 1. 8 E+08 1. 6 E+08 1. 4 E+08 1. 2 E+08 1. 0 E+08 8. 0 E+07 6. 0 E+07 4. 0 E+07 2. 0 E+07 0. 0 E+00 Ar poluído. Air Ar. Filtered limpo Polluted Air - Polluted XPC WT WT Air XPC Filtered Air

8. 40 E+07 8. 35 E+07 8. 30 E+07 8. 25 E+07 8. 20 E+07 8. 15 E+07 8. 10 E+07 Fluorescence Intensidade da Intensity fluorescência Results - 5 DAYS EXPOSURE Filtered Air C 57 -WT Polluted Air C 57 -WT Filtered Air Ar limpo Polluted Air 5 d Ar poluído - 5 d

Results - 5 DAYS EXPOSURE Filtered Air C 57 -XPC Polluted Air - WT C 57 -WT Polluted Air - XPC C 57 -XPC

9. 40 E+07 9. 20 E+07 9. 00 E+07 8. 80 E+07 8. 60 E+07 8. 40 E+07 8. 20 E+07 8. 00 E+07 Fluorescence Intensidade da Intensity fluorescência Results Filtered Air C 57 -XPC Polluted Air 5 days Polluted Air 1 day C 57 -XPC Filtered Ar limpo Polluted Ar poluído Ar. Polluted poluído Air - 1 d 1 d Air- 5 d 5 d Air

Conclusion - Exposure to ambient air pollution in São Paulo promotes acute inflammatory responses in mice, including a single day exposure; - XPC mice has shown higher inflammation response for a 1 -day exposure relative to wild animals; - Wild type animals still depict inflammation after 5 days of exposure. However, XPC animals do not.

Acknowledgments - DNA Repair Laboratory (ICB-USP) - Air Pollution Laboratory (FMUSP) - Atmospheric Pollution Laboratory (Institute of Physics – USP) Financial support: Email: nilmaraoalves@gmail. com or nilmara@usp. br