In Vitro Fertilization and Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis ADRIANNA
- Slides: 23
In Vitro Fertilization and Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis ADRIANNA VLACHOS, MD DBA CAMP 2015
In Vitro Fertilization and Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis Goal: Child unaffected by a genetic (hereditary) illness defined by a known genetic mutation Secondary goal: “Creating” a child unaffected by the genetic illness who is a transplant donor for the affected child
In Vitro Fertilization and Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis IVF Hormonal therapy to the mother to get many eggs for ovulation Number Side of eggs depends on age of mother effects of these medications to mother Eggs harvested (under anesthesia) Eggs are fertilized with sperm outside of mother (“in the test tube”)
In Vitro Fertilization and Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis PGD Fertilized egg reaches 8 -cell stage One cell taken for RP/HLA testing “RP neg, HLA matched” fertilized egg implanted in mother (1/8 chance) Hormonal therapy to continue pregnancy, usually until 10 -12 weeks CVS (10 wks) or Amnio (18 wks) for confirmation
Pre-natal vs Pre-implantation diagnosis Dr. I. Souter, MGH Fertility Center
Pre-natal Diagnosis Amniocentesis Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)
Pre-implantation Diagnosis Introduced initially in 1990 Biopsy of a single cell per embryo followed by its genetic diagnosis through different techniques the subsequent replacement to the patient of those embryos classified by genetic diagnosis as unaffected
PGD Indications Primary Goal Procedure is offered to couples: With known single gene disorders that can be detected by PGD - DBA With known chromosomal abnormalities that can be detected by PGD requesting sex selection for X-linked disorders – DBA
PGD Indications Secondary Goal Requesting PGD for HLA-typing (to allow selection of embryos that are histocompatible with live siblings)
Single Gene Disorders
PGD Process Ovulation Induction Retrieval Fertilization Embryo Bx on Day-3 Genetic Analysis Embryo Transfer
Ovulation induction
Oocyte Retrieval
Fertilization Conventional Insemination Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)
Embryo Culture
Day 3/Cleavage Stage Embryo
Cleavage Stage Biopsy
Genetic Analysis/PCR DNA amplification sequence harboring the mutation Mutation Characterization FISH PCR HLA Matching
Embryo Transfer
Early Pregnancy
Risks Embryo damage Oocyte and Embryo Biopsy are invasive procedures Misdiagnosis • • False negative result False positive result The chance for NO result The chance for mosaicism IVF Risks Not Achieving Pregnancy There may not be any normal embryos available for transfer. The embryos may not implant and develop even if they do not have the defect. The workup for PGD is expensive and labor intensive PGD can only detect a specific genetic disease in an embryo. It cannot detect many genetic disorders at a time and cannot guarantee that the fetus will not have an unrelated birth defect.
Summary • Before PGD is performed, genetic counseling must be provided to ensure that patients fully understand the Ø risk for having an affected child Ø the impact of the disease Ø the available options Ø the multiple technical limitations including the possibility of an erroneous result • Prenatal diagnostic testing is strongly encouraged to confirm the results of PGD
Conclusions It is a personal choice!!! • This requires identification of your family’s DBA gene. • Obstacles • Practical • Religious • Ethical • Financial • • There are other options available Adoption • Sperm/egg donation • Just having a baby •
- Preimplantation genetic screening pros and cons
- Fertilization in external in
- Genetic drift founder effect
- Genetic programming vs genetic algorithm
- Genetic programming vs genetic algorithm
- What is gene flow and genetic drift
- What is the difference between genetic drift and gene flow
- Digestion chimique
- Procedure for isolation of cell for in vitro culture
- University of pittsburgh
- Pembuahan in vitro
- Tumacenje ige
- Iman siadat
- Felice shieh
- Collaborative nursing interventions
- Medical diagnosis and nursing diagnosis difference
- Nursing diagnosis three parts
- Objectives of nursing process
- Perbedaan diagnosis gizi dan diagnosis medis
- Adrianna john hartman
- Adrianna john-hartman
- Adrianna john-hartman
- Adrianna john-hartman
- Adrianna john-hartman