In Ocean Zones Lifestyles Ocean Zones shoreline to

In Ocean Zones Lifestyles

Ocean Zones (shoreline to open ocean) Intertidal Zone n Neritic Zone n Oceanic Zone n Benthic Zone n

Intertidal Neritic Zone Continental Shelf Oceanic Zone Sunlight Benthic Zone

Intertidal Zone n Intertidal Zone Continental Shelf n Area between high tide line and low tide line Organisms adapted to harsh, changing environments

Neritic Zone Area over the continental shelf n Area of greatest density and diversity of marine life n Neritic Zone Continental Shelf

Oceanic Zone n Continental Shelf From the continental break out to open ocean

Benthic Zone The Ocean Floor n Underlies all the other zones n Benthic Zone

Ocean Zones (surface to ocean floor) Epipelagic Zone • Photic Zone or Sunlight Zone Mesopelagic Zone • Disphotic Zone or Twilight Zone Bathypelagic Zone • Aphotic zone or Midnight Zone Abyssopelagic Zone • Aphotic Zone or Midnight Zone Hadopelagic Zone • Aphotic Zone or Midnight Zone

Sunlight or Photic Zone Transition Zone Midnight Zone Abyssal Zone 0 200 1000 4000 6000 11, 000

Midnight Zones n n 1, 000 m Midnight Zone n 11, 000 m No sunlight From 1, 000 m down to ocean floor, or around 11, 000 m Low density and diversity of marine life

Lifestyles n 3 Basic Lifestyles: • Plankton • Nekton • Benthos

Plankton Floaters or very poor swimmers n Plankton divided into 2 groups: • Phytoplankton – producers, photosynthesizers • Zooplankton – consumers n

Phytoplankton n Must live in the photic zone Most abundant in shallow coastal areas or in upwelling zones The basis of the oceanic food web

Phytoplankton n n Cyanobacteria Diatoms Coccolithophores Dinoflagellates

Zooplankton Foraminifers n Radiolarians n Cnidarians n Combjellies n Arthropods n Larvae n

Zooplankton

Nekton (swimmers) Free swimmers n Maneuver actively in the water column n Found in the water column from surface to ocean floor n

Nekton (swimmers) n 5 Categories: • Reptiles • Mammals • Fish • Arthropods • Mollusks

Nekton (swimmers) n Marine Reptiles: • Turtles • Snakes • Crocodiles • Iguanas

Nekton (swimmers) n Marine Mammals: • Whales • Seals • Otters • Manatees • Dolphins

Nekton (swimmers) n Bony Fish: • Tuna • Barracuda • Eels • Angler Fish

Nekton (swimmers) n Cartilaginous Fish • Sharks • Rays • Skates

Nekton (swimmers) n Marine Arthropods • Shrimp n Mollusks • Squid • Octopi

Benthos (bottom dwellers) Live either on or attached to the bottom n Primarily filter feeders or scavengers n

Benthos (bottom dwellers) n 2 Basic Types: • Sessile - Live attached to the bottom • Vagrant - Able to move about

Benthos (bottom dwellers) n Sessile: • Barnacles • Sponges • Corals • Sea Anemones • Oysters • Clams

Benthos (bottom dwellers) n Vagrant: • Crabs • Sea Stars • Sea Cucumbers • Sea Urchins • Brittle Stars

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