In Ocean Zones Lifestyles In The Zone Lifestyles
- Slides: 43
In Ocean Zones Lifestyles
In The Zone Lifestyles Goals: 1. Describe and identify the different zones and layers of the ocean 2. Correlate layers with others 3. Use context clues to identify which layers and zones certain animals live in
Ocean Zones (shoreline to open ocean) Intertidal Zone n Neritic Zone n Oceanic Zone n Benthic Zone n
Intertidal Neritic Zone Continental Shelf Oceanic Zone Sunlight Benthic Zone
Intertidal Zone n Intertidal Zone Continental Shelf n Area between high tide line and low tide line Organisms adapted to harsh, changing environments
Neritic Zone Area over the continental shelf n Area of greatest density and diversity of marine life n Neritic Zone Continental Shelf
Oceanic Zone Continental Shelf From the continental break out to open ocean n Majority of the ocean n
Benthic Zone The Ocean Floor n Underlies all the other zones n Benthic Zone
Ocean Zones (surface to ocean floor) Epipelagic Zone • Photic Zone or Sunlight Zone Mesopelagic Zone • Disphotic Zone or Twilight Zone Bathypelagic Zone • Aphotic zone or Midnight Zone Abyssopelagic Zone • Aphotic Zone or Midnight Zone Hadopelagic Zone • Aphotic Zone or Midnight Zone
Epipelagic Zone Mesopelagic Zone Bathypelagic Zone Abyssopelagic Zone 0 200 1000 4000 6000 Hadopelagic Zone 11, 000
Epipelagic Zone n n Epipelagic Zone Sunlight Zone 0 m 200 m Photic Zone n n Photic Zone Enough sunlight for photosynthesis Primary area of food production From surface down to about 200 meters
Mesopelagic Zone n n Mesopelagic Zone 200 m 1, 000 m n Dysphotic Zone Not enough sunlight to support photosynthesis From about 200 m down to 1, 000 m
Midnight Zones n n 1, 000 m Midnight Zone n 11, 000 m No sunlight From 1, 000 m down to ocean floor, or around 11, 000 m Low density and diversity of marine life
Bathypelagic Zone n n Bathypelagic Zone 1, 000 m 4, 000 m n No sunlight From 1, 000 m down to 4, 000 m Low density and diversity of marine life
Abyssopelagic Zone No sunlight n From 4, 000 m down to 6, 000 m n Low density and diversity of marine life n Abyssopelagic Zone 4, 000 m 6, 000 m
Hadopelagic Zone n n n Hadopelagic Zone 6, 000 m 11, 000 m No sunlight From 6, 000 m down to ocean floor, or around 11, 000 m Low density and diversity of marine life
Lifestyles n 3 Basic Lifestyles: • Plankton • Nekton • Benthos
Plankton Floaters or very poor swimmers n Plankton divided into 2 groups: • Phytoplankton – producers, photosynthesizers • Zooplankton – consumers n
Phytoplankton n Must live in the photic zone Most abundant in shallow coastal areas or in upwelling zones The basis of the oceanic food web
Phytoplankton n n Cyanobacteria Diatoms Coccolithophores Dinoflagellates
Zooplankton Foraminifers n Radiolarians n Cnidarians n Combjellies n Arthropods n Larvae n
Zooplankton
Plankton n Meroplankton • Spend only part of their life cycles as plankton • Are the larval stages of organisms that grow to become benthic or nektonic organisms n Holoplankton • Spend their entire life cycles as plankton
Nekton (swimmers) Free swimmers n Maneuver actively in the water column n Found in the water column from surface to ocean floor n
Nekton (swimmers) n 5 Categories: • Reptiles • Mammals • Fish • Arthropods • Mollusks
Nekton (swimmers) n Marine Reptiles: • Turtles • Snakes • Crocodiles • Iguanas
Nekton (swimmers) n Marine Mammals: • Whales • Seals • Otters • Manatees • Dolphins
Nekton (swimmers) n Bony Fish: • Tuna • Barracuda • Eels • Angler Fish
Nekton (swimmers) n Cartilaginous Fish • Sharks • Rays • Skates
Nekton (swimmers) n Marine Arthropods • Shrimp n Mollusks • Squid • Octopi
Benthos (bottom dwellers) Live either on or attached to the bottom n Primarily filter feeders or scavengers n
Benthos (bottom dwellers) n 2 Basic Types: • Sessile - Live attached to the bottom • Vagrant - Able to move about
Benthos (bottom dwellers) n Sessile: • Barnacles • Sponges • Corals • Sea Anemones • Oysters • Clams
Benthos (bottom dwellers) n Vagrant: • Crabs • Sea Stars • Sea Cucumbers • Sea Urchins • Brittle Stars
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