Improving the Effectiveness of Canister Based PAMS and
Improving the Effectiveness of Canister Based PAMS and Air Toxics Continuous Monitoring Systems D. B. Cardin, V. Shetty, K. L. Langford Entech Instruments, Inc. hit “esc” to quit hit any key to continue
Objectives • Identify Strengths and Weaknesses of Canister Based Continuous Monitoring Systems • Describe a new Faster, Easier, and more Efficient Approach using Canisters hit “esc” to quit hit any key to continue
Canister Sampling Advantages Over Auto. GCs • Allows Centralized Location for Analysis / Analyst – More Efficient use of Analyst’s Time – Better Availability of Supplies – More Sophisticated Equipment (GCMS instead of GC) • No Inter-Instrument Bias - 3 Sites analyzed by 1 System • Fewer Analytical Systems to Maintain and Calibrate • Potential for Multiple Analyses • Less Data Loss – Analyst Responds faster to Problems. – Sampler Continues Collecting Samples if GC System is Down hit “esc” to quit hit any key to continue
Six Sites Monitored with Just 2 Analyzers CS 6 CS 1 Centralized Lab Analyzers CS 5 1 CS 4 hit “esc” to quit CS 2 2 CS 3 hit any key to continue
Canister Sampling Disadvantages Over Auto. GCs • No Samplers with Over 16 Positions • Too Much Time Needed to Attach Canisters to Sampler, Cleaner, Laboratory Analyzer • Canisters Are Large and Expensive – Requires 56 Canisters per week per site to monitor continuously every 3 hours • No Room at Monitoring Sites to Accommodate Large Numbers of 6 L Canisters • Canisters must be Cleaned – Limited to 8 6 L Canisters at a Time on Most Cleaning Systems – 1 in 8 Canisters (12. 5%) must be Reanalyzed After Cleaning hit “esc” to quit hit any key to continue
Canister Sampling Disadvantages Over Auto. GCs • No Samplers with Over 16 Positions • Too Much Time Needed to Attach Canisters to Sampler, Cleaner, Laboratory Analyzer • Canisters Are Large and Expensive – Requires 56 Canisters per week per site to monitor continuously every 3 hours • No Room at Monitoring Sites to Accommodate Large Numbers of 6 L Canisters • Canisters must be Cleaned – Limited to 8 6 L Canisters at a Time on Most Cleaning Systems – 1 in 8 Canisters (12. 5%) must be Reanalyzed After Cleaning hit “esc” to quit hit any key to continue
1320 32 -Position Field Sampler and 1 L Mini. Cans Bridging The Gap Between Tubes and Canisters hit “esc” to quit hit any key to continue
Quick Connect Fittings Speed Up Canister Connection • Only 15 Minutes to Replace Canisters During Site Visits hit “esc” to quit hit any key to continue
1320 Sampling into 32 Canisters Inlet 0 -50 sccm MFC 0 -15 psia Absolute Pressure Sensor Isolatch Valve (Pos 1 -16) Cans 1 -16 hit “esc” to quit Isolatch Valve (Pos 17 -32) Cans 17 -32 hit any key to continue
Advantages of Non-Pressurized Sampling • No Pumps to Add Contamination to Canisters • No Pumps to Wear Out - Reduced Maintenance • No Condensation of Water – No Chance for Fouling up Inlet MFC – No Analyte Loss in Condensed Water – Less Opportunity for Analyte Carryover – Less Contaminant Formation – Canisters Remain Clean Longer • Sample Remains Homogeneous hit “esc” to quit hit any key to continue
PC Controlled Software hit “esc” to quit hit any key to continue
Example 4 Site Servicing Schedule for 3 Hour Continuous Monitoring Site 1 2 3 4 hit “esc” to quit Day Tues Fri Fri Time # Cans #Cases 9 AM 24 3 11 AM 24 3 1 PM 24 3 3 PM 24 3 11 AM 32 4 1 PM 32 4 3 PM 32 4 4: 30 PM 32 4 hit any key to continue
Canister Sampling Disadvantages Over Auto. GCs • No Samplers with Over 16 Positions • Too Much Time Needed to Attach Canisters to Sampler, Cleaner, Laboratory Analyzer • Canisters Are Large and Expensive – Requires 56 Canisters per week per site to monitor continuously every 3 hours • No Room at Monitoring Sites to Accommodate Large Numbers of 6 L Canisters • Canisters must be Cleaned – Limited to 8 6 L Canisters at a Time on Most Cleaning Systems – 1 in 8 Canisters (12. 5%) must be Reanalyzed After Cleaning hit “esc” to quit hit any key to continue
18 6 L Canisters vs 18 1 L Mini. Cans in Carrying Cases hit “esc” to quit hit any key to continue
9 1 L Mini. Cans in Carrying Cases hit “esc” to quit hit any key to continue
32 Mini. Cans Consume Less Space In Monitoring Stations • Rack Mountable, Keeping Canisters out of the Way • Requires Much Less Space than Auto. GC Systems hit “esc” to quit hit any key to continue
Are 1 Liter Canisters Large Enough? Instrument: 7100 Preconcentrator Application Detector Sample Vol. LOD PAMS FID 400 cc 0. 1 PPB(c) PAMS 5973 MS 400 cc 0. 05 PPB(v) Air Toxics (SIMS) 5973 MS 400 cc 0. 005 PPB(v) Limited to Single Analysis - OK for Continuous Monitoring hit “esc” to quit hit any key to continue
Canister Sampling Disadvantages Over Auto. GCs • No Samplers with Over 16 Positions • Too Much Time Needed to Attach Canisters to Sampler, Cleaner, Laboratory Analyzer • Canisters Are Large and Expensive – Requires 56 Canisters per week per site to monitor continuously every 3 hours • No Room at Monitoring Sites to Accommodate Large Numbers of 6 L Canisters • Canisters must be Cleaned – Limited to 8 6 L Canisters at a Time on Most Cleaning Systems – 1 in 8 Canisters (12. 5%) must be Reanalyzed After Cleaning hit “esc” to quit hit any key to continue
Clean 21 (or 42) Canisters Simultaneously • 3 Batches a day equals 63 Canisters • Supports 7 sites with single 21 position manifold • Supports 14 sites with two 21 position manifolds hit “esc” to quit hit any key to continue
Heat Canisters up to 150 C During Cleaning hit “esc” to quit hit any key to continue
Analyzing 1 L Mini. Cans hit “esc” to quit hit any key to continue
Mini. Can Filling with 5 Component Sulfur Standard. • Blended Sulfur Standard being Introduced into a Mini. Can Through a Front Quick Connect Fitting • Used for Sulfur Stability Study hit “esc” to quit hit any key to continue
Mini. Can Vacuum Samplers Allow Direct Collection of Ingredient and Process Headspace • Collection of Remote Headspace Samples Improves Monitoring Efficiency. • Mini. Can Samplers are Silonite. TM Coated to reduce surface losses. • Monitor Process Streams, Holding Tanks, Rail Cars, Reactors, etc. hit “esc” to quit hit any key to continue
1 Week TO 14 Stability Test 1 Liter Mini. Can Concentration: 10 PPB Volume: 400 cc Instrument: 7100/5973 GCMS Column: HP 1, 60 m, 0. 32 ID, 1 um Column Start Temp: 35 deg. C hit “esc” to quit hit any key to continue
TO 14 Chromatogram, Front End hit “esc” to quit hit any key to continue
PAMS C 2 -C 10 GC/FID Analysis - Light Ends GC: 5890 Column: 60 m, 0. 32 mm. ID, 1 um, DB 1 Preconc: MP&T, 400 cc, 30 ppbc Std GC Start Temp: -50 for 4 minutes hit “esc” to quit hit any key to continue
7032 -L/5890 GC/FID 15 m DB 1, 0. 53 mm ID, 1 um 500 PPB 1 Week Holding Time hit “esc” to quit hit any key to continue
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1 PPB Sulfur Standard MC 400 Mini. Can 5 Day Holding Time 7100/5973 GCMS DMS CS 2 H 2 S (3 PPB) COS hit “esc” to quit MESH hit any key to continue
Conclusion • Continuous Monitoring with 1 Liter Mini. Cans retains the advantages of canister based methods while eliminating most of the disadvantages • Transportation to and from sampling sites can be done in virtually any sized vehicle • Keeps the analyst in the lab, rather than on the road • May eliminate the Need for separate carbonyl samplers, which currently require site visits every few days regardless of whether canisters or an Auto. GC is being used. hit “esc” to quit hit any key to continue
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