IMPROVING HEALTHY NEIGHBORHOODS AND HOUSING IN GALVESTON TEXAS
IMPROVING HEALTHY NEIGHBORHOODS AND HOUSING IN GALVESTON, TEXAS • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level National HIA Meeting 2015 Jimmy Dills, MUP MPH Georgia Health Policy Center jdills@gsu. edu
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS • Research project developed at the request of the Galveston Housing Authority of Directors, the styles • Click Board to edit Masterand text State of Texas General Land Office – Second level • Conducted by the Georgia Health Policy • Third level Center and–the Center to Eliminate Fourth level Health Disparities at University of Texas » Fifth level Medical Branch in Galveston • Supported by a grant from the Health Impact Project , a collaboration of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and The Pew Charitable Trusts with funding from The Kresge Foundation
BACKGROUND • Click to edit • Hurricane Ike hit Galveston, Texas, in 2008, damaging 75% of the housing and buildings on the Island, including 569 units of public housing. Master text styles – Second level • • Third level Redevelopment was the subject of contentious city election and federal fair housing mandates. – Fourth level • The City of Galveston and Galveston » Fifth level Housing Authority agreed to rebuild some public housing through mixed-income developments • Texas General Land Office to oversee the development and management of additional scattered site housing units.
PURPOSE AND KEY QUESTIONS • Provide information related to healthy neighborhood environments, and strategies for enhancing the health of • Click toresidents edit Master text styles public housing and Galveston residents in general – Second level • Original research question: • Third level • Which potential scattered site – Fourth locations in the City level of Galveston » Fifth level present the best options for supporting health for public housing residents? • Added research question: • Which interventions related to the neighborhood-level built environment could most improve the health of City of Galveston residents?
STAKEHOLDERS: COMMUNITY STEERING COMMITTEE • Port of Galveston • Galveston Alliance of Island • Neighborhoods Click to edit Master • UTMB Community Health Network Second level and–Institute for the Medical Humanities • Third level • Gulf Coast Interfaith – Fourth level • Galveston Island Community » Fifth level Research Advisory Committee • NAACP • Galveston Island Restorative Justice Coalition • Sobriety High • City of Galveston City Council • St. Vincent’s House • Nia Cultural Center • First Baptist Church of Galveston text styles • Galveston Housing Recovery Committee • LULAC • Galveston North Side Task Force • Galveston Chamber of Commerce • City of Galveston Department of Planning and Community Development • City of Galveston Families, Children and Youth Board • Galveston County Health District
DEMONSTRATING VALUE • Health and economic development reinforce each other: • – Healthy, thriving, desirable neighborhoods are critical to local Click to edit Master text styles economic development – Second level – Equitable economic development tends to strengthen the health of • Third level neighborhoods – Fourth level • The qualities that make » Fifth level neighborhoods desirable largely overlap with health • Businesses play a significant role in shaping the health of communities • Indicators relate to quality of neighborhoods and quality of life
DEMONSTRATING VALUE • Health District/UTMB/Health care providers: reduce readmissions, recurring problems and wasted health care resources; improve population • Click to edithealth Master text styles • North side task force: all these elements are – Second level redevelopment relevant to the upcoming plan for the North side neighborhood • Third level • Social justice–advocates: Fourth levelmoves neighborhoods toward more equitable » Fifth level structures and supports positive social exchange, better health, achievement of basic needs, etc. • Housing advocates: provides guided process for selecting and improving scattered sites to support health and well-being
DEMONSTRATING VALUE • • City Officials and Planning Dept: can help prioritize infrastructure investments, either across city, or by Click to edit Master textor styles district, by intervention or health issue – Second level • Police Department: a number of • Third level interventions reduce violence and – Fourth level injuries, prevent crime; some » Fifth level indicators would help support dedication of police resources to high priority community issues, reduce need for “broken window” strategies, and improve community/police relations
METHODS • Analyzed secondary data within the Galveston city limits, Jamaica Beach, and Pelican Island. • Data were available at the point, parcel, census block, or • Click edit Master text styles census tractto level – Second level indicators reported at the census • 16 Neighborhood-level • Third level block level, using regression models to make census block Fourth level estimations –when only census tract data was available. » Fifth level • 7 Block-level and Unit-level indicators recommended for primary data collection
ASSESSMENT TOPICS 1. Population density 2. Concentrated poverty 3. Segregation 4. • Elevation base flood level Clickabove to edit Master 5. Proximity to parks – Second level 6. Proximity to recreation facilities 7. Proximity to public • Third levelelementary schools – Fourth level 8. Proximity to licensed childcare » Fifth level 9. Proximity to health care services 10. Proximity to affordable healthy food outlets and concentration of unhealthy food outlets 11. Concentration of businesses permitted to sell alcohol for off-site consumption 12. Presence of pedestrian safety measures 13. Proximity to truck routes 14. Proximity to industrial areas text styles 15. Presence of environmental hazards 16. Proximity to bus route 17. Tree canopy 18. Sidewalk quality 19. Neighborhood disorder 20. Traffic calming 21. Resident pride and security 22. Lead exposure 23. Crime prevention through environmental design
Modeling Mitigations All Blocks Top 20% Added Blocks Top 20% Top 40% Threshold cumulative score All Blocks Set the Threshold Center to Eliminate Health Disparities Broaden the Scope Making the Best Better Decrease Tolerance
FINDINGS Table 9. Top 20% Cut-Point Values in Galveston Indicator Proximity to Truck Routes Density of Alcohol Outlets Proximity to Recreation Facilities Top 20% Cut Point 0. 4 miles 2. 26 outlets / 1, 000 people 2 miles • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level • Third level Table 10. Impact on number census blocks if individual – Fourth level of high scoring indicators are mitigatedto 80 th percentile level » Fifth level Indicator Proximity to Truck Routes Density of Alcohol Outlets Proximity to Recreation Facilities Number of Added Percent of Census blocks Added 192 49 49 55% 14% Percent of Total Census blocks in Galveston 31. 0% 22. 8%
FINDINGS Table 11: Impact of fully addressing various indicators in terms of general neighborhood development and health. Est. • Click to edit Master text# ofstyles Population Indicator – Second level Threshold Census Blocks – Fourth level Not Near to Recreation Facilities 1 mile Have at Least 1 Alcohol» Outlet Fifth(offlevel ¼ mile site consumption) Nearby Close to Truck & High Traffic Routes 300 meters 933 1, 123 Living in These Blocks (2010 Census) 30, 425 29, 316 770 20, 780 • Third level Percentage of Population (2010 Census – 47, 743) 63. 7% 61. 4% 43. 5%
RECOMMENDATIONS • Follow an organized process for incorporating health impact profiles and specific plans to. Master • Click to edit address negative health impacts Second through–mitigation intolevel the process for selecting scattered • Third level sites. – Fourth level • Conduct Block-level inspections. » Fifth level • Incorporate unit-level inspection standards related to lead exposure and crime prevention. • Evaluate the feasibility of unitlevel health mitigations for sites that score poorly on specific indicators. text styles
IMPACTS • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level • GLO’s intention • Third levelto incorporate the analysis and methodology into their scattered site selection process indicates a direct – Fourth level impact on future housing » Fifth level decisions. • Relationships developed between the members of the CSC and their increased awareness of connections between housing and community health point to a more subtle, but potentially far reaching, impact on the level of discourse on the topic in the Galveston community
SUMMARY • High profile and contentious issue • HIA process as a way to build relationships and provide new • perspectives Click to edit Master text styles – Second value level to different stakeholders • Demonstrating Third level • Built a • methodology based on health to be incorporated into – Fourth level housing decisions » Fifth level • Applicability beyond public housing
- Slides: 16