IMPORTANT SUPREME COURT CASES TO KNOW MARSHALL COURT

IMPORTANT SUPREME COURT CASES TO KNOW

MARSHALL COURT • Chief Justice John Marshall served as Chief Justice from 1801 -1835. His “tenure” on the Supreme Court expanded the authority of the federal government. • KNOW THIS FACT FOR THE IMPORTANCE OF THE COURT. KEY MARSHALL CASES TO KNOW

MARBURY v. MADISON 1803 • • Midnight Judges Adams and Jefferson Writ Judicial Review

Mc. CULLOCH v. MARYLAND 1819

Mc. CULLOCH v. MARYLAND 1819 • National Bank • Can a State Tax? • Necessary and Proper…implied powers of govt. • Supremacy Clause

GIBBONS v. OGDEN 1824

GIBBONS v. OGDEN 1824 • NY State gives Gibbons license for ferry • Federal Govt gives Ogden license for ferry • Congress has exclusive control over INTERSTATE COMMERCE

WARREN COURT • Earl Warren served as Chief Justice from 1954 -1969. His “tenure” on the Supreme Court expanded the rights of individuals in criminal procedures and first amendment rights. • KNOW THIS FACT FOR THE IMPORTANCE OF THE COURT. KEY WARREN COURT CASES TO KNOW

CRIMINAL DUE PROCESS

GIDEON v. WAINWRIGHT 1963

GIDEON v. WAINWRIGHT 1963 • Pool Hall Break In • Arrested and Convicted • Write letter to Supreme Court • Right to an attorney in all cases-state must provide

MAPP v. OHIO 1961

MAPP v. OHIO 1961 • Mapp arrested for obscene materials • Police were looking for a fugitive • Evidence without a warrant tossed • EXCLUSIONARY RULE

MIRANDA v. ARIZONA 1966

MIRANDA v. ARIZONA 1966 • Arrested & Convicted for kidnapping and rape • No attorney present • Signed a confession • MIRANDA WARNING

ESCOBEDO V. ILLINOIS 1964

ESCOBEDO V. ILLINOIS 1964 • Right to an attorney during questioning

STUDENT RIGHTS CASES

TINKER v. DES MOINES 1969

TINKER v. DES MOINES 1969 • Black Armbands protest Vietnam War • Suspended • Student Right to Free Speech Symbolic Speech • Not disruptive to the school day

NJ v TLO 1983

NJ v TLO 1983

ENGEL v. VITALE 1962 • Remo • NY started school day with a prayer from the Regents. Court ruled unconstitutional as a violation of first amendment.

VERNONIA v. ACTON • Students were required to take a drug test prior to participating in school sports. Parents sued as 4 th amendment (illegal search). Court rules schools may require drug tests for students.

POTTAWOTOMIE v. EARLS • Students were required to take a drug test prior to participation in EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES. Parents sued as 4 th amendment (illegal search). Court rules schools may require drug tests for students.

IMPORTANT HISTORICAL CASES

ROE v. WADE 1973 • Norma Mc. Corvey (seen below) (AKA Jane Roe) was denied an abortion by the State of Texas. Challenged Texas law. Supreme Court ruled a woman has a right to choose as a right of privacy.

NY TIMES v. SULLIVAN • NY T Times not liable for an ad/article that has incorrect information. That was a “reasonable” error. It protects newspaper from liable…. Being sued and harming a free press.

NY TIMES v. US • Pentagon Papers case…limits govt restriction of a free press as Nixon tried to stop publication of classified documents about Vietnam War.

US v. NIXON 1974

SCHENCK v. UNITED STATES • WW I Clear and present danger case…Schecnk urged people to oppose the draft and war…violated Sedition Act …speech may be limited during a crisis. Free speech is not absolute.

DRED SCOTT CASE 1857 Scott sued for freedom on basis of living in a free state. Court ruled slaves did not have rights, Constitution did not apply, equated to property. Congress could not restrict expansion of slavery

PLESSY v. FERGUSON

PLESSY v. FERGUSON • Segregation • Jim Crow • 14 th Amendment • SEPARATE BUT EQUAL

BROWN v. BOARD of EDUCATION (of Topeka KS)

KOREMATSU v. UNITED STATESupholds the internment of Japanese -Americans during WWII

BUSH v. GORE

SWANN v. CHARLOTTEMECKLENBURG 1970

LOVING v. VIRGINIA 1967 • Virginia law that prohibited people from different races to marry violates the 14 th Amendment. (See Richard and Mildred Loving below)

TEXAS v. JOHNSON- flag burning is protected as a type of free speech…symbolic speech used for political protest.