Important Facts Longest river in China 4000 miles

Important Facts Longest river in China 4000 miles long Ends in East China Sea South of Yellow River (Huang He) • Three Gorges Dam built on the Yangtze • •

Where is the Yangtze River?

The Yangtze has many uses Importance to China n n Transportation of people and goods It’s used for drinking water and cooking Industrial use Irrigation for farming

What are the issues? (Causes) n 90% of the water is polluted • Arsenic from industrial waste • Sewage from the cities is dumped into the river • Nitrogen from fertilizers used in farming is washed into the river as runoff

Plants and animals are becoming extinct. (Effects) n n Since December 2006, the Yangtze River Dolphin, called the baiji (pronounced ‘bye gee’) has been declared functionally extinct. This is thought to be the first dolphin species driven to extinction due to the impact of humans. High levels of nitrogen and phosphates lead to the growth of blue-green algae. Qi Qi - Yangtze River Dolphin. Photo This reduces oxygen and Courtesy of Robert Pitman cause fish to die.

Effects-Pollution is poison n Contaminated fish are being caught and eaten by the Chinese people leading to health problems. 185 towns are located on the river. 400 million people live there

City on the Yangtze

Farming on the Yangtze

Three Gorges Dam Learn more: The Three Gorges Dam n Pros • Direct reduction of air pollutant and greenhouse gas emission • hydroelectric power would offset the burning of coal which causes air pollution. • Boosts China's economy through an increase of international shipping

Three Gorges Dam n Cons • forced relocation of more than 1 million people by the 2009 completion date. • Flood over 300 local villages • Some of the best farmland in the Yangtze River valley was flooded. • A strain on China's financial resources. China reports the official cost of the dam at $37 billion (According to Reuters)

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Mother Ganges

Where is the Ganges?

The Ganges River is Important n n n Provides water for drinking and cooking Transportation for 400 million people Spiritually important to Hindu people

What is causing problems? n Water Pollution! • Chemicals from fertilizer • Industrial runoff • Dead animals and cremated bodies float down river

Polluted water is causing health problems. n High rates of waterborne diseases such as cholera, dysentery, typhoid and hepatitis are common in surrounding cities

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India

Image of air pollution over Bangladesh and India

Air Pollution n n This is one of India’s most serious environmental problems. Caused by: • Industrial smoke • Automobile emissions is responsible for 70% of the pollution • Rural villages burn wood and coal for cooking and heating releasing carbon monoxide and soot into the air.

New Delhi, India

Effects of Polluted Air n The effects of air pollution are: • Several major cities have the world’s highest rates of respiratory disease (disease of the lungs, bronchial tubes, and trachea) • Brown clouds form which reduce rainfall and temperatures • Many parts of India has the heaviest air pollution in the world

Industrial Growth Urban population growth Increase in cars and trucks Industrial smoke Car emissions Respiratory disease

Government Response n Many people in India are poor. The government does not want to do anything to slow down economic growth, so it has been difficult for them to enforce laws on industry and transportation that might improve the country’s air quality.

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Air Pollution In China

Why are 7 of the 10 most polluted cities in China? n n Industrial growth led to population growth and automobile use in the cities. China burns coal for energy and this process sends soot, ash, and chemicals into the air. Shanghai, China

Going for a ride in Lifen, China

• Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide in the air mix with moisture. • The rain it produces contain sulfuric acid and nitric acid • The rain is harmful to plants, animals, and buildings. It’s a problem for 1/3 of China’s agricultural areas

Cleanup Effort n Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau reduced pollution by 45% before 2008 Olympics by reducing automobile traffic and temporarily closing factories. These cleanup efforts cost the government less than the expense of treating health problems associated with air pollution (According to World Bank).

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