Implementing the Global Information Grid GIG A Foundation

Implementing the Global Information Grid (GIG) A Foundation For 2010 Net Centric Warfare (NCW) 18 May 2004 Frank Criste Director, Communications Programs OASD(NII) - DASD(C 3, Space & IT Programs) 703 -607 -0270

Global Information Grid (GIG) NAVIGATION GEO-POSITIONING • Robust • Distributed • Inexpensive LOGISTICS SUPPORT • Just Enough • Just In Time • Fully Visible INFORMATION OPERATIONS • Defensive IW • Offensive IW • Assurance SURVEILLANCE • Continuous • Global • High Resolution Imagery • Day/Night/All Weather INTEGRATED INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE • Information Services and transport • Service Agents • Intelligent, integrated communication intranetwork • Adaptive, dynamic resource management • Secure WEAPONS • Remote/Local • Accurate • Responsive • Inexpensive COMMAND CONTROL FORCE ENHANCEMENT • Mobile • Lethal • Sustainable • Flexible • Commanders Internet • Situation Monitoring • Planning and Replanning

GIG: A Conceptual View Entities (Objects) Applications People Net-Centric Enterprise Services ’s AV U Distributed Computational Resources Force Structures Logistics Platforms Intranetworked Information Transport Robots Weapons Sensor Platforms Weapon Platforms Sensors • Entities - Sources and users of information - Diversity of information needs - Type, quantity, timeliness - Change as a function of mission & situation • Information infrastructure (II) functional decomposition - Layer concept. Each layer: - Provides services to layer above - Receives services from layers below - Dynamically adapts to meet information needs of entities - Tightly coupled to each other to permit adaptation as an integrated system Power to the Edge

Emerging Network Centric Capabilities Enabled by the GIG • Improve collaboration and carry out surveillance, reconnaissance, and targeting at all levels of command • Improve decision support to decrease C 2 decision cycle times – Smaller, highly mobile forces – Command Control on the Move (COTM) • Facilitate rapid force deployment and flexible unit composition • Facilitate Machine to Machine communication “behind the dashboard integration” • Move beyond Situational Awareness to “Situational Understanding” • “Eliminate the human intermediary as a conduit of information” (target coordinates, tasking, etc. ) • Eliminate the ‘seams’ between operational stages, multi-national forces, and decision makers • Improve timeliness of Sensor cueing and cooperative engagements (i. e. mid-course weapon updates from remote sensors)

Data Video Terrestrial Wireless Space Telecomm Copper Cable Transport Media Multimedia Services Internet Protocol (IP) Internetwork Layer Fiber Cable Services and Information Types Telephony Services GIG: IP Based . . . The convergence layer! Facilitate Interoperability • World-wide acceptance and use • Packet-switched Internet transport • Provides commonuser, integrated services framework • Provides standardized interface between Application and Transport Services • Used over many network-level protocols (Ethernet, ATM, WAP…)

Features of IP Networking GIG: Network of Networks • Basic IP is a connectionless network • IP Networking makes it easier to scale – Services and applications not tightly integrated with network infrastructure • Keeps complexity out of network core • Allows fast creation of new services – Designed for information sharing • Allows for autonomous decisions by network nodes in processing each packet – Packets carry globally meaningful addresses – Distributed processing throughout the network • Provides for redundancy, improves scalability

GIG: Transport Layer R Tier 4 Global Coverage GEOS R Wide-Area Network R AAVs R = Internet Router or JTRS WNW R Ground Based R R R Local Area Network R Radio R People Weapons Sensors GIG-BE D W D M R R Land Line (wire or fiber) JTRS GIG-BE Medium-Area Network R R JTRS Tier 1 Team Coverage Global-Area Network R Tier 3 LEOS Wide Area Coverage Aircraft Tier 2 Inter-Team Coverage TCS R ODXC Build The Net R UGS

Key Net-Centric Initiatives Roadmap FY 04 FY 06 FY 07 FY 08 Policy & Architecture Guidance UCS Directive Arch/NCOW Reference Model ELIMINATE BANDWIDTH CONSTRAINTS DEPLOY TRUSTED IMPROVE SENSEMAKING SERVICES FY 05 Joint Tactical Radio System Provides IP-based, self-managed, BLOS, mobile data and voice communications services Software Communications Architecture Optical Mesh IP Network Provides ubiquitous, secure, robust optical IP foundation network Optical Bandwidth to STEP and Teleport sites IOC TCA SATCOM Provides information and data services to all GIG users Horizontal Fusion Portfolio Means/tools to enable the smart pull and fusion of data by users Pow er T he T o e g d E Integrated GIG Network FOC 2 3 TSAT (CY 11 Launch) Wideband Gapfiller Optical IP Networking for Joint Operations Optical Bandwidth Support for Centers and ISR locations Additional Global Hawk UAVs 4 Reachback Capabilities Wideband Networking for Deployed Forces for UAVs and Other ISR Core Enterprise Services (9) + Application Program Interfaces Block 2 (All CESs) in 3 Spirals Block 1 (All CESs) in 3 Spirals - Enterprise Systems Management - Messaging - Discovery - Mediation - Collaboration - User Assist - IA/Security - Storage Services - Application Defense in Depth Information Assurance Programs Enables trusted computer, networking, and data services to all GIG users Optical Bandwidth to Ground Sites IPV 6 1 Net-Centric Enterprise Services IPV 6 Implementation Completed (Goal) UCS Implementation Cluster 1 Vehicular & Army Rotary Wing IOC Cluster 1 Cluster 2 Handheld IOC Cluster 2 Cluster AMF (Airborne, Maritime & Fixed Station) IOC Cluster AMF small IOC Cluster AMF large Cluster 5 Small form fit IOC Cluster 5 Handheld/manpack ? (Spiral 1) IOC Cluster 5 other form fits ? (Spiral 2) GIG Bandwidth Expansion Incorporates mobile/tactical users and global intelligence via optical cross links and EHF IP links FY 09 CAC Fully Deployed Identity Mgmt Infrastructure (PKI, 1 Gb Terrestrial HAIPE Biometrics); IP Network Defense (Enterprise Sensor Grid) 40 Gb Terrestrial 10 Gb Terrestrial HAIPE IP 40 Gb Space HAIPE IP(FY 2010) Op-Intel Data Applications Processes Global Net-centric Surveillance and Targeting Deployment of Collaborative Applications to Joint Commanders Improved Shared Access to Collateral ISR data Automated Tagging of Selected Sensor and Combat Support Data Improved Shared Access to Combat Support Data Net-Centric Enterprise Services Net-Centric DCGS Collaborative Collection Management Multi-INT Fusion for Warfighters Improved Strategic & Tactical C 2 ISR Battle Management Force. Net Deployable CJTF HQs Future Combat System (FCS) (examples)

GIG: Do. D Investments The Global Information Grid Development Strategy • Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS) • GIG Bandwidth Expansion (GIG-BE) • Transformational Communication (TCS) • Net-Centric Enterprise Services (NCES) • Information Assurance (IA) • E 2 E Systems Engineering Satellite MIT/LL ER MSPP ER ER ER NSA NRL A Subset Of Several Key Initiatives

Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS) A Transformation Enabler Current Systems (25 -30 Families) (750, 000 Radios) • Navigation • Positioning Common Open Standards Architecture & Technology Base AN/PSQ-6 A EPLRS • Location AN/ARC-210 • Identification AN/WCS-3 UHF SATCOM/LOS • Air to Ground • Air to Air • Ground to Ground AN/ARC-201 A SINCGARS ANPRC-119 SINCGARS Legacy Waveforms Commercial Waveforms New Military Waveforms • SATCOM Joint Solution (1 Family) O P E R A T I O N A L Space D O M A I N S Airborne Maritime/ Fixed Station Ground Forces • Hand held • Dismounted • Vehicular AN/PSC-5 JTRS – a family of common Radios and Waveforms built around a standard open Software Communications Architecture

Why JTRS Is Transformational • Provides a family of SW programmable radios to enable Network Centric Warfare. • Allows for increased interoperability (ultimate solution), technology insertion and spiral development. • Eliminates duplicative radio development efforts and multiple legacy radio systems by consolidating requirements within functional domains. • Enables connectivity to allied/coalition, civil and national authorities. Most importantly: Provides capability for mobile ad-hoc network to achieve network centric capability.

RF EQUIPMENT ACQUISITION POLICY • ASD (NII) memorandum of June 17, 2003 Subject: Radio Frequency (RF) Equipment Acquisition Policy “A recent Department of Defense study and continued technology advancements indicate that expanding the scope of the JTRS/SCA to all waveforms above 2 MHz frequency is now viable. Therefore, to enhance our warfighting capabilities and to improve integration of our communications systems through networking technologies, the reference radio Acquisition Policy [August 28, 1998] is hereby modified to specifically reflect that all such systems, including those operating above 2 GHz, are required to be developed in compliance with JTRS/SCA. The policy is now applicable to all communications waveforms/systems that operate at or above 2 MHz…. ”

GIG Bandwidth Expansion PBX LAN Legacy Switched Network(s) MAN 1 Wide Area Fiber Network IP Router Network(s) MAN 1 Wireless tails 1. Metropolitan Area Network Provides ubiquitous, secure, robust optical Wide Area Network Internet Protocol (IP) foundation network

GIG Bandwidth Expansion Investment $800+M Optical IP terrestrial backbone with a ubiquitous presence. Mitigates constraints in terrestrial bandwidth. FY 03: $500+M • • • Diverse physical access to the network, the near term effort secure, robust Requests for Proposals Contract awards Site surveys Installations begin FY 04: $300 M • CONUS & OCONUS • Complete al installations • Provide minimum 100 Mbps per site per service • Key to integrated net-centric transformation Tomorrow: Today: TDM - CENTRIC JWICS AFSCN GSR NIPR (COINS) SIPR DSN DRSN DVS IP ATM Unclassified IP Secret IP IP Legacy SCI IP Voice Video ATM MSPP SONET/TDM DWDM FIBER IP - CENTRIC Voice, Video, and Data at Unclassified, Secret, and SCI IP DWDM FIBER

Transformational Satellite Communications Integrates mobile/tactical users and global intelligence services via IP (optical comm links and EHF, Ka and X-band)

Transformational Communications (TC) Vision An internet-like transport architecture between space, air and ground nodes Network of Networks – Integrated Space, Air and Ground Networks – Global access to deployed / mobile Users (COTM) – Timely delivery of air and space data to Theater and CONUS (AISR, SISR support) – Automated, dynamic, high assurance network operations – Increased capacity and connectivity: RF and laser communications network Enable Future Innovations and Growth Through A Flexible Yet Secure Network Architecture

GIG: Fundamental Shift in Information Management and Assurance • Information and services accessed ubiquitously by authorized users -- both human and automated • Based on a metadata construct & globally shared services • Environment that recognizes who you are, and limits access based on, who and where you are • Fully IP-based highly available network providing: • Converged voice, video, data and imagery • High capacity and sufficiently secure to support communications requirements of mission critical users • Support for fixed and ad hoc COIs – (dynamic, adaptive, self reconfiguring) • Seamless and secure end-to-end interconnected information environment • Secure interoperability – within/ across Do. D, IC and other Government, industry, international partners • Common infrastructure support -- network management, performance monitoring, security management, attack sensing and response, etc. • Strong focus on leveraging commercial technologies • Augmented to meet Do. D’s mission critical user requirements (availability, confidentiality, integrity) Red IP (Secret) Red IP (SBU) BLACK Transit Network H A I Black IP P E SBU = Sensitive But Unclassified HAIPE = High Assurance IP Encryption Fundamental transformation in information management, communication, and assurance SBU International Partner Information Processing Node SCIF Top Secret Confidential

Pulling It All Together Systems Engineering Test Facility

GIG & EIE MA E 2 E Systems Engineering Oversight ASD(NII) / Do. D CIO This is a matrix organization – people functionally support the E 2 E Systems Engineering Oversight process Senior GIG & EIE MA Systems Engineer (NII) GIG E 2 E Evaluation Facility (NRL) Focus Areas (form/disband as required) Members: Senior Sys Engineering Rep from: Army, Navy, AF, USMC, AT&L, USD(I), DOT&E, Joint Staff J-6, STRATCOM, JFCOM, IC, DISA, NSA GIG IA SPO, TCM MJPO, GIG-BE SPO, JTRS JPO, NCES SPO, GIG Architect, and E 2 E Eval Facility Chair: Senior GIG & EIE MA Systems Engineer (NII) GIG & EIE MA Senior Systems Engineering Board GIG & EIE MA End-to-End Systems Engineering Working Group Chair (DISA) Chair (NSA) Transport Enterprise Services Apps & Data Qo. S Net Mgt NETOPS Information Assurance “Sub-Working Groups” & Tiger Teams …for each area HAIPE “Tiger Team”

Systems Engineering Influencing Standards Process Setting Using Do. D CIO Programs IT Standards Registry PM Selects Standards Influencing GIG & EIE MA E 2 E Systems Engineering Oversight Activity GIG & EIE MA E 2 E SE: IT Standards Committee *ISP—Information Support Plan PM Delivers ISPs* § Interface Management § E 2 E interface and crossnetwork analysis § Interoperability assessment evaluations

GIG E 2 E Evaluation Facilities Extensive Industry & Service Participation in all Venues JTRS Network Testbed DISA Terrestrial GIG/ GIG-BE Testbed Airborne Network Testbed GIG E 2 E Evaluation Facility Core WIN-T Testbed MUOS ork tw e n ed ions e -sp nect h g Hi con DISA Teleport Testbed A Loaded and Stressed Network … Emulates “War of the Future”! JTRS-TSAT-GIG connectivity example TSAT Testbed (MIT/LL) FORCENET Testbed IC Network Testbed JITC JDEP • Optical Comm Testbed • RF Testbed • Network Testbed JTEO A Place to Test Early and Test Often

NATO Network Centric Capability • Feasibility Study and Coordinated CONOPs • Common standards, interfaces, and protocols between core segments of the NATO networks • Framework for Inter domain transport management and control, routing protocols, and Information Assurance

GIG End-to-End Near Term Focus • • • Program of Record Execution Moving All Service Programs to Meet the Vision Address Coalition and International Participation Information Assurance Performance & Scalability End – to – End Engineering and Test Understand reduce the risk