Implementing Instructional Media Related Facilities Prepared by Emely

Implementing Instructional Media Related Facilities Prepared by: Emely Jean A. Ortiz EDUC. 106

What are instructional media? § cover whatever the teacher uses to involve all the five senses of sight, hearing, touch, smell and taste while presenting his/her lessons (Azikiwe , 2007) § things which are intended to help the teacher to teach more effectively and enable the students to learn more readily (vein Adegun , 1997)

Instructional media- are information carriers designed specifically to fulfil objectives in a teaching-learning situation. They are very important in language teaching, especially the foreign language, because they facilitate the direct association between sounds and their symbols and also words and the objects they represent. They help to vividly illustrate meanings of things because they are associated with materials used by the teacher to improve the quality of his teaching.

Types of Instructional Media • • • Non-Projected Media Audio Media Motion Media Hyper Media Gaming Media

Non-Projected Media • Photographs, diagrams, and displays – Use to: • Illustrate concepts • Enhance direct instruction • Encourage students to look at data in diverse ways

Projected Media • Slides, filmstrips, and overheads - Use to: • Allow all students to view the same material at the same time • Offer the students other perspectives on the material

Audio Media • Cassettes and compact discs – Use to: • Allow students to hear other languages/dialects • Allow auditory learners to review the lessons • Encourage creativity through music

Motion Media • Videos, computer mediated instruction, and television – Use to: • Offer supplemental instruction • Experience concepts in a manner that is not available i “real life” – i. e. Magic School Bus

Hyper Media • Computer networks, software, and the Internet – Use to: • Offer resources beyond the library • Develop computer and word processing skills • Offer interactive learning

Gaming Media • Computer games – Use to: • • Provide a playful environment for learning Structure learning through rules Motivating for tedious or repetitive content Uses problem solving skills

The Selection and Uses of Instructional Media Instructional media facilitate teaching and learning activities and, consequently, the attainment of the lesson objectives. However, this depends on the adequacy and appropriateness of materials so selected. This, in effect, means that learning resources are not selected haphazardly (Azikiwe, 2007).

Six guidelines for selecting resource materials which the English teacher must not lose sight of when planning his /her lessons • Availability of the needed materials. • In other words, before the teacher decides on materials to use, s/he must be certain that they are available as well as accessible to him/her and the learners. • Materials selected must be relevant to the objectives as well as to the target popu-lation. • The characteristics of the learner such as the age, level of attainment or maturation, ability, aptitude and capability, should all be borne in mind to enable the teacher to select relevant materials for their needs, interest and aspiration.

• Usefulness of the resources in terms of the educational and instructional objectives and the characteristics of the learners. The attractiveness, durability, size and clarity of the resources. Also, considered under quality are accuracy, clarity and usefulness of the illustrations, drawings and paintings and weight of the materials for ease of handling and storage should be considered. • The cost in terms of time and energy to be expended by the users The use of instructional media in teaching and learning of English is, therefore, more imperative than any other subject .

• There are enough materials for members of the class to be equitably involved in the class activities. The teacher should, therefore, ascertain that everything needed for the useof materials is available and within easy reach to him and the learners before it is selected. • Instructional materials should be economical. • Resources should be cheap, butthis does not mean sacrificing quality for cost. The teacher and learners should find ways andmeans of providing necessary materials which are very expensive by improvising them, , usinga vailable local materials.

The following are some of the indispensable values of instructional materials in the teaching of English as a second language, as identified by Williams (1990) and Azikiwe (2007): ü They increase the retention rate of learners. ü They increase the ease with which teacher teaches and children learn. ü They assist teacher to communicate clearly, accurately and effectively as they serve as good reference points.

ü They supply the experiences which are not easily obtained in the classroom and contribute to the efficiency, depth and variety of learning. ü They relieve the teacher of the problem of presenting repetitive drill materials. ü They can stimulate a sense of observation and provide opportunity for developing criticalthinking and objectivity as students may often have to comment on the instructional aids used

Works Cited Ryan, Kevin, & Cooper, James M. (1998). Those Who Can Teach. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. Heinich, Molenda, Russell, and Smaldino ( 1996). Instructional Media and Technologies for Learning. New York: Prentice-Hall, Inc. Agnew, P. W. , Kellerman, A. S. & Meyer, J. (1996). Multimedia in the Classroom. Boston: Merrill Allyn, Bacon, Anadarajan, M. , Igbaria, M. and Anakwe, U. P. (2000). IT acceptance in a less-developedcountry: a motivation factor perspective International Journal of Information Management, 22(1), pp. 47

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