Implementation of TNB Grid of the Future Middleware

Implementation of TNB Grid of the Future Middleware Author Company Email WAN AZLAN. W. K Z GSE, Tenaga Nasional wazlan@tnb. com. my ROSLINA M. Y Tenaga Nasional roslinamy@tnb. com. my NIK SOFIZAN N. Y Tenaga Nasional niksofizan@tnb. com. my Ir. M. FIRDAUS YON Tenaga Nasional firdausyon@tnb. com. my Presenter Disclaimer All information contained herein are solely for the purpose of the presentation only and cannot be used for or referred to by any party for other purpose without prior written consent from TNB. Information contained herein is the property of TNB and it is protected and confidential information. TNB has exclusive copyright over the information and you are prohibited from disseminating, distributing, copying, reproducing, using and/or disclosing this information. GSE, Grid Division 1

Contents Tenaga Nasional Berhad, MALAYSIA Use Case: Grid Improvement Project Earlier Attempts Open. FMB/DDS Benefits and Experience Conclusion GSE, Grid Division 2

Tenaga Nasional Berhad TNB Grid Division Distribution Network Division Corporate Functions Grid System Operator (Ring-Fenced) Single Buyer (Ring-Fenced) Other divisions and subsidiaries including International Assets Group and Sabah Electricity Sdn Bhd (SESB) National transmission & distribution network, international business and corporate centre Gen. Co Generation Division Energy Ventures Division TNB Independent Power Plants TNB Renewables REMACO Leading generation company with capabilities in building, operating and maintaining generation assets GSE, Grid Division Retail. Co Retail Division TNBX GSparx TNB Renewables Retailer of choice with leading green and energy services portfolios 3

Tenaga Nasional Berhad Transmission Grid Distribution Network • 1. 47 system minutes • 99. 77% availability • SAIDI: approx. 48 min/customer/year Generation Retail Customer Base • 12, 013. 4 MW capacity • 89. 3% availability • 9. 2 million customers in Peninsular Malaysia (Malaya), Sabah (North Borneo) GSE, Grid Division 4

Use-Case: A Regional Transmission Improvement Project Situational Analysis • Reinforce line capacity from 700 MVA to 1000 MVA • To mitigate line overloading due to increasing electricity demand • Distance: 250 km • Projected cost: USD 200 mil – USD 350 mil GSE, Grid Division 5

Use-Case: A Regional Transmission Improvement Project Situational Analysis • How to mitigate N-1 contingency during reinforcement project? • How to sustain network reliability amidst changing project completion horizons due to prolonged land matters resulting from difficulties in acquisition? GSE, Grid Division Regional Blackout > 145% 6

AOLPS: Self-Healing Event-Based Special Protection Scheme Before scheme implementation Dynamic line rating GSE, Grid Division After scheme implementation Event based load shedding 7 7

Before AOLPS: Typical Weekday Area Load Profile Max Load = 110 MVA ~ 145% Above Firm Period = > 15 hrs/day ~120% 2 x N-1 risk exposure window Blackout risk exposure: 9. 375 hours Source: System Operation Monthly Report for July 2010 GSE, Grid Division 8

After AOLPS: DLR Increases Situational Awareness For Near-Limits Operations Reduces transmission tripping risk exposure during N-1 event ~120% DLR 1 x N-1 risk exposure window Blackout risk exposure: 22. 5 minutes Blackout risk reduced by 96. 0% GSE, Grid Division 9

AOLPS: Optimal Quantum Load Shedding Controlled load shedding Sensor Solution • Distributes sensors in each substation • A central controller to detect abnormal condition and orchestrate • A dynamic line rating (DLR) sensor to detect overloading at grid incomer substation Sensor Sensor DLR Controller GSE, Grid Division 10

Design 1: GOOSE Logical design of the scheme using IEC 61850 -GOOSE Controller sent GOOSE signals to trip selected circuit breaker to shed load GSE, Grid Division 11

Design 1: GOOSE Physical design of the scheme Ethernet over SDH: VLAN tags must be maintained in each SDH hop IEC 61850 5 Trip sent erroneously to 5 1 IEC 61850 Trip 1 Controller IEC 61850 GSE, Grid Division 12

Design 2: IMAGE protocol Logical design of the scheme using our proprietary IMAGE protocol IMAGE supports sending of binary and analogue values Controller sent binary control signals to substation gateway Substation gateway translates binary signals into equivalent GOOSE signals to trip circuit breaker to shed load GSE, Grid Division 13

Design 2: IMAGE protocol Risk of configuration error: System relies on redundant variables as logic inputs Abstraction gap: Immediate jump from requirement to very low-level. Emerging IEC 61850 semantics and natural functional subsystems Difficult to segregate network for cyber security design JT_EL 01_XCBR 1_st. Val_pos = 1 & KW_E_RB_LN 1_GGIO 1_An. In 1_mag = 140 DLR 1_KW_E_RB_LN 1_GGIO 1_An. In 1_mag= 140 & DLR 2_KW_E_RB_LN 1_GGIO 1_An. In 1_mag = 140 SG 1_JT_EL 01_MMXU 1_A = 0 & SG 2_JT_EL 01_MMXU 1_A = 0 EBLS 1_RB_EL 01_XCBR 1_c. Val = 1 Trip EL 01 circuit breaker in substation RB! GSE, Grid Division 14

Open Field Message Bus: Open. FMB/DDS Middleware The Open Field Message Bus (Open. FMB) interoperability framework is a standard ratified in 2016 by North American Energy Standards Board (NAESB), a leading energy industry Standards Development Organization (SDO) accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). TNB implementation only uses the Open. FMB data model that is based on a converged IEC 61968/70 -CIM and IEC 61850 data model The data model is available as a DDS Interface Definition File (IDL) Further information can be obtained from the Open. FMB User Group portal https: //openfmb. ucaiug. org GSE, Grid Division 15

Why Open. FMB/DDS? Influenced by work performed at Duke Energy and SDEG Data model for OT/IT integration with standard semantics Power system objects can use ERMS/SAP functional location ID Data source: IEC 61850 logical nodes Easy to define new messages according to IEC 61968 -100 Device name: IEC 61850 naming convention GSE, Grid Division 16

Benefits of DDS Boolean logic substitutes direct contact monitoring e. g. current DDS topics groups data sets in order to reduce logic complexity Use Qo. S to differentiate critical data sets and non-critical data sets Topic=Power. Flow Key=JT_EL 01 Historian Line JT-RB tripped == / Current in JT = 0 / Current in RB = 0 SG 1_JT_EL 01_MMXU_Tot. MW_mag = 4 SG 1_JT_EL 01_MMXU_Tot. MVar_mag = 1 SG 1_JT_EL 01_MMXU_Hz_mag = 49. 93 EBLS Controller Topic=CTMeas Key=JT_EL 01 SG 1_JT_EL 01_MMXU 1_A = 0 Topic=CTMeas Key=RB_EL 01 & SG 1_RB_EL 01_MMXU 1_A = 0 Substation: JT Bay: EL 01 Remote GSE, Grid Division 17

Benefits of DDS Topic enhances capability to describe similar data sets that are used in different situations: Closing the abstraction gap EBLS Controller Topic=Arm Key=RB_EL 01 SG 1_RB_EL 01_XCBR 1_Pos_Ctl. Val = 1 Topic=Trip Key=JT_EL 01 Topic=Temperature Key=RB_EL 01 SG 1_JT_EL 01_XCBR 1_Pos_Ctl. Val = 1 & SG 1_RB_EL 01_GGIO_An. In 1_mag = 140 Trip == / RB_CB = Open / EL 01_Temp >= 140 Immediately trips CB GSE, Grid Division Arm CB but trip upon temperature violation 18

Benefits of DDS Reduces application complexity and bandwidth usage with content filters Historian Data Gateway EBLS Controller / Temperature > 140 Topic=Temperature Key=JT_EL 01 140. 1 111. 5 SG 1_JT_EL 01_GGIO 1_An. In 1_mag = 142. 1 110. 9 Substation: JT Bay: EL 01 GSE, Grid Division 19

Benefits of DDS deadline and liveliness Qo. S simplifies gateway health checks at publisher and subscriber Failed to get data! EBLS Controller Initialize == / SG_Health = 0 Alternate == / SG_Health’ = SG 1_JT_Health Check== / SG_Health <> 0 / SG_Health’ = 0 Topic=CTMeas Key=JT_EL 01 SG 1_JT_EL 01_MMXU 1_A = 94. 7 105. 5 Substation: JT Bay: EL 01 GSE, Grid Division 20

Benefits of DDS: Future Redundancy management using ownership strength Qo. S When there is lost of communication, select a dominant active server, “A” or “B”, to control the system based on the sum of weighted scores of live connected IEDs per gateway. In short which is the more useful server after communication disturbance GSE, Grid Division 21

Benefits of DDS: Future Redundancy management using ownership strength Qo. S There are 3 valid system states i. e. “A”, “B”, “OFF”. The system initially is on “A”. If the number of IEDs for A and B is equal then assign indeterminate state “DBI”. The system shall never be in indeterminate state GSE, Grid Division 22

Benefits of DDS: Future Redundancy management using ownership strength Qo. S EBLS Controller Exclusive ownership Qos Topic=CTMeas Key=JT_EL 01 105. 5 SG 1_JT_EL 01_MMXU 1_A = 94. 7 SG 1 GSE, Grid Division 105. 5 SG 2_JT_EL 01_MMXU 1_A = 94. 7 SG 2 23

Benefits of DDS: Future Use durable Qo. S to “pace” fast field data sets into big data systems Gateway Controller or higher level gateway such as big data interface Topic=Power. Flow Key=JT_EL 01 Topic=Power. Flow Key=RB_EL 01 SG 1_JT_EL 01_MMXU_Tot. MW_mag = 44. 1 SG 1_RB_EL 01_MMXU_Tot. MW_mag = 43. 5 SG 1_JT_EL 01_MMXU_Tot. MVar_mag = 12 SG 1_RB_EL 01_MMXU_Tot. MVar_mag = 10. 5 SG 1_JT_EL 01_MMXU_Hz_mag = 49. 93 49. 97 SG 1_RB_EL 01_MMXU_Hz_mag = 49. 93 50. 01 Database GSE, Grid Division 24

Benefits of DDS: Future System boundaries are based on subsystem function DDS domains and RTI routing can be used to segregate systems Network segregation promotes future acceptance of multicast networks for DDS discovery Domain 2 Domain 1 Domain 3 Domain 4 GSE, Grid Division 25

Highlight #1: Open. FMB/DDS Adapter for RTDB Map RTDB key-value to Open. FMB information module. Use in-house Open. FMB Configuration Language (OFMBCL) to glue logic to adapter DDS Databus Open. FMB/DDS OFMBCL Logic Power System Apps Digital Intelligent Gateway (DIG) RTDB 60870 61850 C 37. 118 IEC-60870 -101 IEC-60870 -103 IEC-60870 -104 IEC 61850 C 37. 118 Mod. Bus Sensors GSE, Grid Division Measurements Statuses 26

Highlight #2: Open. FMB Configuration Language Use DDS topics, key and content filter. Power System Resource bay name is used as key. GSE, Grid Division 27

Highlights #3: Preservation of Power System Semantics in Engineering Logical. Device. ID PSR_m. RID Measurement. ID Value Quality KAWA_DIG_LD 17 KAWA_E_PATH 1 GGIO 1. An. In 1. mag 345. 678 G KAWA_DIG_LD 17 KAWA_E_PATH 1 GGIO 1. An. In 1. mag 346. 789 G KAWA_DIG_LD 17 KAWA_E_PATH 1 GGIO 1. An. In 1. mag 341. 901 G KAWA_DIG_LD 17 KAWA_E_PATH 2 GGIO 1. An. In 1. mag 78. 901 B KAWA_DIG_LD 17 KAWA_E_PATH 2 GGIO 1. An. In 1. mag 78. 901 G KAWA_DIG_LD 17 KAWA_E_PATH 2 GGIO 1. An. In 1. mag 178. 901 G Measurement. ID Value Quality GGIO 1. An. In 1. mag 345. 678 G GGIO 1. An. In 1. mag 346. 789 G GGIO 1. An. In 1. mag 341. 901 G GGIO 1. An. In 1. mag 78. 901 B GGIO 1. An. In 1. mag 78. 901 G GGIO 1. An. In 1. mag 178. 901 G GSE, Grid Division • Current flat data does not capture structure of information • Enforcement of m. RID will increase query efficiency and eliminate data errors 28

Highlights #4: DDS encapsulates phasor data for data lake delivery Protection relays include phasor measurement function as standard. This enables cost-effective real-time power system monitoring e. g. linear state estimators DDS delivers the fastest phasor sampled at 20 ms or 50 samples per second Grid of the Future Control Centre Gateway Open. FMB/DDS IEEE C 37. 118 (serial) GSE, Grid Division 29

Grid of the Future Edge Computing Centralized protection IEDs are now commercially available Virtualized substation computing platform is feasible for Grid of the Future DDS has a big role to play in a software-pervasive Grid of the Future Today’s DDS-based apps can be easily retro-fitted into virtualized container Virtualized Substation Controller DDS Internal Databus App App Storage Hypervisor IEC 61850 -9 SMV Interface IEC 61850 -9 -SMV Process Bus IEC 61850 merging unit for each bay GSE, Grid Division 30

Conclusions Enhance Wide Area Protection Scheme Middleware • Model-driven • Data-centric communication • Quality of Service DDS Benefits • Data-centric ~> Safer system • Hides critical system functions ~> Users can focus on power system integrity problems Digital Transformation • Grid of the Future: Software will be more pervasive while OT/IT boundaries blur • DDS is instrumental in realizing OT/IT integration at scale GSE, Grid Division 31

Thank You Wan Azlan Wan Kamarul Zaman (wazlan@tnb. com. my) Tenaga Nasional Berhad Disclaimer All information contained herein are solely for the purpose of the presentation only and cannot be used for or referred to by any party for other purpose without prior written consent from TNB. Information contained herein is the property of TNB and it is protected and confidential information. TNB has exclusive copyright over the information and you are prohibited from disseminating, distributing, copying, reproducing, using and/or disclosing this information. GSE, Grid Division 32