Imperialism The policy in which stronger nations take

Imperialism The policy in which stronger nations take over weaker ones v. Economic: new markets, natural resources v. Political: gain colonies, power, status v. Military: compete in arms race, power v. Belief in racial/ cultural superiority of people of European descent (Anglo/Saxon)

Global Imperialism v. Europe: had colonies for centuries v Britain had the most colonies around the world, controlled a 25% of world’s land people. v. Other nations wanted pieces for themselves.

African Imperialism v. Europe: had colonies for centuries v. Africa prime target in 19 th century Rich in natural resources, provided new markets. v. Only independent nations in Africa Were Liberia and Ethiopia

Asian Imperialism: Japan vindustrialized, modernized its government, built up its military. v. Needed natural resources, looked to China for trade. v. Other nations had begun to divide China into exclusive trade regions.

U. S. Imperialism

Samoa

Samoa § § § Divided between Germany and the US Britain settled for some other islands US was showing its strength in the Pacific

Economic Reasons v American farmers produced a surplus of goods v Needed new markets to sell stuff v Needed raw materials for factories v Solution: foreign trade

Military Reasons Alfred Mahan v. Wanted to build up American navy v. Defend peacetime shipping lanes v. Needed to establish naval bases in Pacific and Caribbean v. U. S. became 3 rd largest naval power

Superiority Darwinist worldview applied to business (survival of fittest) Free-market competition (private ownership of business) plus racial superiority to justify imperialism

Anti- Imperialism v Cost too much in military protection v Dominated peoples didn’t have same rights as American citizens v Some Americans saw imperialism as a threat to Anglo-Saxon culture

U. S. Takes Hawaii

Hawaii’s Economy v 75% of wealth from sugar plantations v. Plantations owned by Americans who had great influence on the government in Hawaii v. Labor imported from Japan/ China

Deposing the Queen Lil wanted to: vend property qualifications for voting v. Restore power to native Hawaiians

“The cause of Queen Lili’uokalani Hawaiian independence is larger and dearer than the life of any man connected with it. Love of country is deep seated in the breast of every Hawaiian, whatever his station. ”

Deposing the Queen The Americans sugar growers : v. Organized a revolt against the Queen 1893 v. Queen Lil was arrested v. Sanford Dole became the temporary president of Hawaii

Grover Cleveland Sanford Dole William Mc. Kinley

“The New Temptation on the Mount: “ Behold all this I will give thee, if thou wilt fall down and worship me. ” A “World- Wide Empire” including Hawaii and the Philippines, is offered on the horizon.

Republic of Hawaii v. Pres. Cleveland wanted the queen restored to power. v. Dole refused to give up power. v. Cleveland recognized the Republic of Hawaii, but refused to annex Hawaii. v 1897 Pres. Mc. Kinley made Hawaii an American territory.

China § Spheres of influence for Britain, France, Germany, Russia, and Japan § US wanted in on Chinese Trade § Open Door Agreement – US asserting itself in Chinese trade § Philippines taken from Spanish help make this possible

The Boxer Rebellion

The Boxer Rebellion § Resentment of foreign powers and influence § Bloody attacks on missionaries § US participation in putting down the rebellion helped establish US influence in China

Spanish-American War § Some Americans had always wanted Cuba § Many Cubans did not want to be part of the Spanish empire anymore § Jose Marti helped lead a rebellion in 1895

Cuba

Rebellion § Rebels burn sugar crops to incite the anger of Americans § Spanish government sends General Weyler to put down rebellion § 100, 000 or more Cubans die in reconcentration camps § Many in America call for war to defend Cuban rights and to protect American business interests

Yellow Journalism § War sells papers § Whipped up outrage over Spanish atrocities § Blamed the explosion on the Maine (ship) on the Spanish

Yellow Journalism

Where the Spanish. American War Took Place § § Cuba The Philippines Puerto Rico (almost) Guam

Caribbean

Philippines

What happens § § § We take Puerto Rico and Guam We take the Philippines We put down a rebellion in the Philippines § We establish Cuba as a protectorate

Puerto Rico

Guam!

People Still Mad at Us

What do you think of when I say “Latin America? ”.

The US in Latin America § Roosevelt planned a canal across the Isthmus of Panama § This had been tried before by the French § A canal would reduce shipping time and costs and would connect America with Asia and South America (West Coast)

Roosevelt’s Big Stick Diplomacy

Colombia § § § Worried about the US Did not want to sell Panama Roosevelt is Furious

Helps Panamanians Revolt Against Colombia

Steps to Getting Your Own Canal § One: offer to buy land from the country that owns it and be angry when they say no § Two: start a rebellion in that country so a new country (Panama) is formed § Three: make a treaty with the new country so you can build a canal

Problems with Canal Building § Diseases such as malaria and yellow fever § Engineering issues § Money

Canal Building § Took from 1904 to 1914 § Thousands of workers, both American and foreign (mostly Caribbean) § An amazing engineering feat

The Canal

The Canal’s Location

Building the Canal

Roosevelt’s “Big Stick” Diplomacy § The Roosevelt Corollary 1904 – said that the US would interfere in Latin America if it was in the US interest § For example – they intervened in the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Mexico, and countries in South America for various reasons

Dollar Diplomacy (Taft) § Connecting US business interests with interests in Latin American countries

Moral Diplomacy § § § The US as the “teacher” Wilson wants to spread democratic ideals Refuses to recognize governments ruled by dictators (Mexico) § Ends up intervening in other countries because of situations created by dollar diplomacy

Let’s Review § § § Define “isolationism” and “expansionism” Define “annexation” § You have two minutes

Let’s Review § What happened between the US and Japan in the 1850’s? § We call this an example of ______ diplomacy. § Two minutes

More Review § § What was “Seward’s folly? ” (hint: Alaska) What was the “White Man’s Burden? ” What was the “Great White Fleet? ” Who starred in White Men Can’t Jump? § Two minutes

More Review § What happened in Hawaii with Queen Liliuokalani? § Two minutes

More Review § What was going on in China in the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries? § How did the boxer rebellion affect the acceptance of the Open Door Policy? § Two minutes

Boxers

Boxers

Boxers

More Review § What was going on in Cuba in the 1890’s? § Why did some people want the US to get involved? § Three minutes

More Review § § § Who were the buffalo soldiers? Who were the rough riders? What territories did the United States get from the Spanish-American War? § Two minutes

More Review § What was the Platt Amendment? § One minute