IMPERIALISM IN EGYPT CHINA JAPAN 1840 1910 JAPAN

IMPERIALISM IN EGYPT, CHINA, & JAPAN 1840 - 1910

JAPAN & MEIJI ERA 1600 s, Japan was isolated (“closed door”) 1853 - US Commodore Matthew Perry took ships/ weapons to Japan & demand they open trade signed Treaty of Kanagawa & opened 2 ports to all Japanese angry & overthrew Tokugawa Shogun

JAPAN & MEIJI ERA Japan would need to adopt western ways. This became known as the “Meiji Restoration” – Japans adoption of western ways Knew wouldn’t be taken over now, so Japan decided to become imperialists too Ø Established colonies in China Now Japan & Russia major powers in Asia

JAPAN & MEIJI ERA Both Russia & Japan want Manchuria for natural resources RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR (Japan victory) Japan went after Korea & won established a protectorate & annexation (direct rule) Korea became its protectorate of Japan

EGYPT & THE SUEZ CANAL Originally France interested in Egypt for strategic location (Red Sea), but Napoleon failed The French originally set out to build the Suez Canal in 1859

EGYPT & THE SUEZ CANAL Egypt interested in modernizing like Europe, so figured they need to trade like Europe 1869 – Egypt decided to build manmade waterway that cut through Suez, connecting Red Sea to Mediterranean SUEZ CANAL

EGYPT & THE SUEZ CANAL Why would they want to build it? ? ? Time Saved: 2 weeks Miles Saved: 4, 000

EGYPT & THE SUEZ CANAL Egypt had to borrow $$ from France ($450 million!), but found they could not pay back the debt Britain jumped on the chance to oversee financial control of the canal by 1882 British occupied Egypt Suez Canal was “Lifeline of the British Empire” b/c allowed quicker access to its colonies in Asia and Africa

REFORM IN CHINA China proud of their culture & many work opportunities very self-sufficient Not interested in gadgets West was offering; only in agriculture Chinese did not want to trade w/ Europeans But Europeans wanted access to Chinese goods & resources (especially tea)

REFORM IN CHINA Britain determined to find something Chinese wanted to trade…OPIUM! Ø Habit-forming drug; Chinese doctors used it for pain relief for centuries By 1835, 12 million Chinese addicted & rising Qing Emperor asked Britain to stop, but refused led to OPIUM WAR (1839 -1842) British victory, gained island of Hong Kong

REFORM IN CHINA Poppies

REFORM IN CHINA Results of Opium War: 1. China divided into spheres of influence 2. Increase in Western trade & influence in Asia 3. Britain gains island of Hong Kong

REFORM IN CHINA Due to Opium addiction, China no longer productive & people hungry Europeans taking advantage of China’s growing problems Had to declare “Open Door Policy” to keep from being divided up & colonized like Africa

REFORM IN CHINA Poor peasants/workers resented foreign influence formed secret organization, Society of Harmonious Fists (aka Boxers) Wanted to get rid of Qing Dynasty, started BOXER REBELLION Rebellion failed, but nationalism rose; started to travel West to examine government structures

REFORM IN CHINA

Safari Montage Boxer Rebellion