Imperialism in China 1 9152020 China Resists Foreign

Imperialism in China 1 9/15/2020

China Resists Foreign Influence Qing (Manchu) Dynasty l Chinese had little interest in trading with western nations l Europeans want silk, porcelain, tea, spices l Chinese did not need to trade l – Have all the resources they need 2 9/15/2020

• The British imported opium from India to China in exchange for silk. • Chinese silver was used to buy opium, and the Chinese government was fearful of a trade imbalance. • China demanded that opium sales stop, but the British did not comply. This led to the Opium Wars. Opium dens, 1850 Chinese receiving opium from Patna, British India Multimedia Learning, LLC COPYRIGHT 2006 WRITTEN BY HERSCHEL SARNOFF & DANA BAGDASARIAN 3 9/15/2020

Empress Dowager Ci Xi worked with her government officials to fight against the British in the First Opium War, from 1839 -1842. Multimedia Learning, LLC COPYRIGHT 2006 WRITTEN BY HERSCHEL SARNOFF & DANA BAGDASARIAN 4 9/15/2020

Opium War Chinese empress asks Queen Victoria to stop the opium trade/unanswered l China destroys millions of dollars of opium l – Like the Boston Tea Party China no match for modern weaponry and equipment. l 1842 Sign the Treaty of Nanjing l 5 9/15/2020

Treaty of Nanjing China paid Britain’s war costs l Opened 5 ports to trade l Extraterritoriality – exempt from local law l Britain received the island of Hong Kong l Sometimes called the 1 st of the Unequal treaties l Western powers carved out spheres of influence (exclusive trading privileges) l 6 9/15/2020

Spheres of Influence 7 9/15/2020

Asia was carved up after the Opium Wars England annexed Hong Kong and Kowloon France took over Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos) Russia moved into Chinese Turkistan and Manchuria Japan grabbed Taiwan and won dominance over Korea This cartoon depicts England, Germany, Russia, France, and Japan at the table, ready to cut up China after the Opium Wars. 8 9/15/2020

The Opium Wars brought an end to the isolation of the ancient Chinese civilization and introduced far-reaching social, economic and cultural ideas to the Chinese. Multimedia Learning, LLC COPYRIGHT 2006 WRITTEN BY HERSCHEL SARNOFF & DANA BAGDASARIAN 9 9/15/2020

Chinese reaction to Imperialism l The Taiping Rebellion – 1850 – 1864 – Chinese peasants angry over poverty and corruption/natural disasters/loss of mandate of heaven – Destroyed Chinese economy – Millions of deaths – Put down with the help of westerners 10 9/15/2020

Chinese reform Chinese government tries to modernize l Self strengthening movement l Dowager Empress CI Xi ruled China from 1861 to 1908 l Weapons and steam driven ships l Western experts l 100 days of reform l Too little too late l United States: Open Door Policy – Free trade with China 11 9/15/2020

U. S. “Open Door Policy” 12 9/15/2020

The Boxer Rebellion l Boxers = “Society of Harmonious Fists” – Referred to Boxers because they performed physical exercise that they thought would make them ABLE TO WITHSTAND BULLETS Death to “foreign devils” l Growth of nationalism l Failure l Westerners send in 20, 000 soldiers to put down the rebellion l 13 9/15/2020

The Boxer Rebellion challenged Western commercial and political influence in China. The Chinese, though great in number, could not stop the imperial forces. Multimedia Learning, LLC COPYRIGHT 2006 WRITTEN BY HERSCHEL SARNOFF & DANA BAGDASARIAN 14 9/15/2020

Sun Yat- sen (Sun Yixian) Revolution of 1911 l 1 st president of Chinese republic l Three Principles of Sun Yixian l – End foreign domination – Form a representative government (democracy) – Create economic security for all Chinese 15 9/15/2020

Multimedia Learning, LLC COPYRIGHT 2006 WRITTEN BY HERSCHEL SARNOFF & DANA BAGDASARIAN 16 9/15/2020