IMPERIALISM China Resists Outside Influence Setting the Stage

IMPERIALISM China Resists Outside Influence

Setting the Stage 1793 – The Qing emperor receives an English ambassador but is not impressed with what the Englishman has to offer. China during this time is very self-sufficient. With the help of Spanish & Portuguese traders, China had everything they needed.

Decline of the Qing (Manchu)Dynasty Never entirely controlled by colonial powers but not respected either The Opium Wars (1839 -1842) Cause: 12 million Chinese addicted to narcotic made from poppy plants in India Introduced by the British to trade for tea Chinese officials destroy 20, 000 chests of opium British sent invasion fleet to defeat China 1842 – sign Treaty of Nanking *** Result: British control Hong Kong and 4 more ports were open to Westerners. Tariffs were reduced and extraterritorial rights were given to foreigners.

British Opium Warehouse in Patna, India Selling Patna Opium in China

Opium Den

Taiping (“Great Peace”)Rebellion 1850: Rebels wanted to overthrow Manchu dynasty for becoming too weak to deal with foreigners Army consisted of one million peasants Took control of southeastern China Chinese govt. with help of British crushed rebellion took 14 years 20+ million die Naval battle be/ Taiping & Qing Govt.

Spheres of Influence

Sphere of Influence Treaty of Tientsin (1858) made China more open to Westerners. Opium could once again be imported to China Britain took Burma while France controlled SE Asia Russia gained territory to run a railroad through Manchuria 1894, China & Japan clashed over Korea Japan took over Taiwan Americans worried that nations would carve up China 1899, U. S. Sec. of State John Hay declares China an “Open Door Policy” protects U. S. trading rights in China.

The Open Door Policy

The Open Door Policy

Secretary of State – John Hay

The Boxer Rebellion Group called “Righteous and Harmonious Fists” Goal: drive all “foreign devils” out of China Westerners called them “Boxers” International Force of U. S. , British, French, German, Russian and Japanese put down the rebellion China forced to pay indemnity (damages)

The Boxer Rebellion: 1900 The Peaceful Harmonious Fists. “ 55 Days at Peking. ”

Chinese Republic Qing Dynasty collapsed in 1911 People wanted China to industrialize and have a government more responsive to needs Dr. Sun Yat-sen overthrew Manchus and ruled until 1925: China ruled by Chiang Kai-shek (Nationalist) treated his people poorly Chiang declares war against Communists Mao Zedong form People’s Liberation Army (PLA) Communist gains the support of peasants After WWII, Japan driven out of China Mao proclaims People’s Republic of China in 1949

Sun Yat-sen

Chiang Kai-shek

Mao Zedong

China 1926 -1937

e. com/watch? v=o. H Okh. Aplfn 0 Communism In China