Imperialism at the Turn of the Century How

Imperialism at the Turn of the Century How does America become a world power?

• Imperialism: a policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories • Why would US want to expand its territory like Europeans? 1. Military Strength: other nations have strong military so should US (Alfred Mahan) 2. New markets: US needs raw materials & markets to sell prdcts 3. Cultural Superiority: manifest destiny, Social Darwinism

Beyond the shining seas • 1867: Secretary of State William Seward wants to buy Alaska from Russia for $7. 2 million Some in congress question the decision calling it “Seward’s folly” Congress approves sale, Alaska rich in gold, oil & timber

US Annexes Hawai’i • 1887: Hawaiian King allows US to build military base at Pearl Harbor, since American sugar planters account for 75% of Hawaii’s wealth • 1890: US puts tax on imported sugar (protect domestic industries) • American businessmen in Hawai’i want the US to annex the country to avoid tax, Pres. Cleveland refuses request • 1893: Queen Liliuokalani tries to change Hawai’i’s constitution, give more power to Hawaiians less to foreigners • American businessman overthrow Queen in a coup • 1894: Sanford Dole is named President of the Republic of Hawai’i • 1898: Dole asks US to annex Hawai’i, Pres. Mc. Kinley agrees

Cuba wants independence • US offered to buy Cuba from Spain in 1854, Spain refuses • 1868: Cuba declares independence from Spain • Cubans lose 10 yr Rev War, US economic influence increases • 1895: Jose Marti starts 2 nd war of indp. • Marti uses guerilla warfare, destroys sugar plantations, hopes US will intervene • Spain responds to rebels by sending Gen. Weyler • Yellow Journalists like Hearst & Pulitzer spread stories about “Weyler the Butcher” • American sympathy grows for the “Cuba Libre movement” • In secret letter, Spain’s minister Dupuy de Lome calls Mc. Kinley weak

• Marti killed in fighting, Americans upset at Spanish insult – Mc. Kinley sends USS Maine to bring home Americans in Cuba • Feb 15, 1898 USS Maine blows up in Havana Harbor • Yellow Journalists say Spain sinks ship, in reality a boiler exploded near weapons - Hearst offers $50 K reward “Remember the Maine” • Mc. Kinley asks Congress to declare war • US opens the war by attacking Spanish colony of the Philippines, not Cuba • Mc. Kinley tells Filipinos that US is there to free them • Rough Riders led by Asst Navy Secy Teddy Roosevelt invade Cuba • Spain loses the war, US gives $10 million for control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam & Philippines (US gets foothold in Pacific)

Aftermath of the War – Puerto Rico • During war US promises to bring Puerto Ricans protection • PR is strategically important, so US makes it a territory (colony) • 1917: Puerto Ricans given US citizenship & have right to elect Governor & members of PR legislature Aftermath - Cuba • Gets independence, US troops remained in Cuba Platt Amendment – 1) No treaties w/ foreign govs 2) US gets land on the island for Navy 3) US can intervene if problems ● US will support Cuban leaders who protect American interests ● Aftermath - The Philippines • Despite promising independence, Philippines annexed by US ● 1899: Emilio Aguinaldo leads rebellion against US US begins forcing Filipinos into segregated zones ● US crushes rebellion, Philippines independent in 1947 ●

51 st State? P. 353 Now & Then 1. How many times have Puerto Ricans voted on their future and what has been the result? 2. What benefits/disadvantages come with being a commonwealth? 3. If you lived in Puerto Rico would you want statehood or remain a territory? Pros Cons Vote in federal elections Must pay Federal Income Tax Get reps in Congress May lose “Spanish” culture More job opportunities Lose Olympic team

1. List all objects & words in the cartoon 2. List any action you see in the cartoon (what is the eagle doing? ) 3. What does the cartoonist say about American Imperialism?