Imperialism 1880 1914 Chapter 26 Old Imperialism 16

  • Slides: 29
Download presentation
Imperialism 1880 -1914 Chapter 26

Imperialism 1880 -1914 Chapter 26

Old Imperialism 16 th-18 th Centuries n Old Imperialism in the Old World: Africa

Old Imperialism 16 th-18 th Centuries n Old Imperialism in the Old World: Africa and Asia n The Europeans did not usually acquire territory in Africa and Asia n Generally they worked through existing local authorities with trading posts

Old Imperialism in the Old World n The Portuguese established a series of trading

Old Imperialism in the Old World n The Portuguese established a series of trading posts along the west coast of Africa, India, Indonesia The Spice Trade n The slave Trade n

Old Imperialism in the Old World n The Netherlands established trading posts in Indonesia

Old Imperialism in the Old World n The Netherlands established trading posts in Indonesia and Ceylon (Sri Lanka) Europeans in Asia respected and often cooperated with local rulers in India, China, Japan, Indonesia n Trade generally flourished between Europeans and the locals n

Old Imperialism in the New World was Different n Spain established a huge empire

Old Imperialism in the New World was Different n Spain established a huge empire in Central and South America and claimed large portions of western North America n Native Americans were exploited

Old Imperialism in the New World n Portugal established Brazil as a sugar colony

Old Imperialism in the New World n Portugal established Brazil as a sugar colony and imported massive numbers of slaves from Africa n France established a colony in present-day Canada as well as sugar colonies in the Caribbean

Old Imperialism in the New World n England colonized the east coast of North

Old Imperialism in the New World n England colonized the east coast of North America and several islands in the Caribbean as sugar colonies

European Migration n Between 1815 -1932 more than 60 million people left Europe n

European Migration n Between 1815 -1932 more than 60 million people left Europe n Migrants went mostly to European-inhabited areas: North and South America n Australia n New Zealand Siberia n

European Migration n Immigrants took part in westward expansion n Most were from poor,

European Migration n Immigrants took part in westward expansion n Most were from poor, rural areas (but not the poorest)

The New Imperialism 1880’s Africa and Asia n In 1800 Europeans controlled about 7%

The New Imperialism 1880’s Africa and Asia n In 1800 Europeans controlled about 7% of the world’s territory. n By 1914 they controlled 84% n England controlled 25% of the world’s population and 20% of the world’s territory by 1900

The New Imperialism Europeans used military force in Africa and Asia. n They took

The New Imperialism Europeans used military force in Africa and Asia. n They took control of local governments n Exploited local economies for raw materials n Imposed Western values to benefit the “backward” colonies n Britain’s control of Egypt in the 1880’s became the model for the new imperialism n

Major Causes for Imperialism n Search for new markets and raw materials n The

Major Causes for Imperialism n Search for new markets and raw materials n The Industrial Revolution created a surplus of goods n Capitalists sought new markets

Causes for Imperialism n Often, colonists were too poor to purchase European-made goods: Germany’s

Causes for Imperialism n Often, colonists were too poor to purchase European-made goods: Germany’s trade with her colonies represented only 1% of her total international trade n France imported more from her colonies than she sold n

Causes for Imperialism n The Search for Raw Materials: The Congo Ivory and rubber

Causes for Imperialism n The Search for Raw Materials: The Congo Ivory and rubber n South Africa Diamonds n Niger Cocoa n China and Ceylon Tea n India cotton n Indonesia Spices n

Missionary Work n Mid-19 th Century: strong current of religious revivalism in Western Europe

Missionary Work n Mid-19 th Century: strong current of religious revivalism in Western Europe n Especially among middle class n New emphasis on spreading Christianity to Africa and Asia

Missionary Work n More successful in sub-Saharan Africa than in Asia and Islamic North

Missionary Work n More successful in sub-Saharan Africa than in Asia and Islamic North Africa Dr. David Livingston: first white man to do humanitarian and religious work in south and central Africa n H. M. Stanley found Livingston (thought dead) and his newspaper reports spurred interest in Africa (King of Belgium and the Congo) n

European Conflicts over Colonies n New military and naval bases to protect one country’s

European Conflicts over Colonies n New military and naval bases to protect one country’s interests from another European country n Tensions between Haves (Britain) and Havenots (Germany, Italy)

The Ideology of Imperialism n Social Darwinism: Herbert Spenser rationalized the conquest of weak

The Ideology of Imperialism n Social Darwinism: Herbert Spenser rationalized the conquest of weak countries by stronger “more civilized” ones n Justified military conquest: survival of the fittest

Ideology of Imperialism n White Man’s Burden racist and patronizing view that preached “superior”

Ideology of Imperialism n White Man’s Burden racist and patronizing view that preached “superior” Westerners had an obligation to bring their culture to “uncivilized” peoples in other parts of the world To Protect and Improve n To Uplift and Christianize n From a poem by Rudyard Kipling n

The New Imperialism n Germany and Russia used imperialistic drives to divert the public’s

The New Imperialism n Germany and Russia used imperialistic drives to divert the public’s attention from the class struggle at home and to create a false sense of national unity

The Scramble for Africa 1880 Europeans controlled 10% of Africa n 1914 controlled all

The Scramble for Africa 1880 Europeans controlled 10% of Africa n 1914 controlled all but Liberia and Ethiopia n

Colonial Africa

Colonial Africa

Scramble for Africa n Began late 1870’s with Belgium’s King Leopold II in the

Scramble for Africa n Began late 1870’s with Belgium’s King Leopold II in the Congo Early 1880’s Britain’s conquest of Egypt became the model n 1884 -1885 The Berlin Conference established the “rules” for Europeans carving up Africa n

Belgian Congo 1879 King Leopold II hired H. M. Stanley (British-American journalist who located

Belgian Congo 1879 King Leopold II hired H. M. Stanley (British-American journalist who located Livingston) to make treaties with African chiefs giving control of the Congo to Leopold n Was his personal playground n Recognized as such in 1884 by the Berlin Conference n

The Belgian Congo Quest for rubber and ivory n Natives treated savagely: atrocities n

The Belgian Congo Quest for rubber and ivory n Natives treated savagely: atrocities n Twain, Arthur Conan Doyle spoke out n The Belgian Parliament horrified and took the colony away from the king 1908 and it became a Belgian colony n

Egypt: The Model By 1849 Egypt was a strong independent state n Led by

Egypt: The Model By 1849 Egypt was a strong independent state n Led by Turkish general Muhammad Ali n 1875 Brits bought a portion of shares of the Suez Canal and began to manage it n 1883 The Brits declared Egypt a protectorate n Technically, Egypt still part of Ottoman Empire but the Brits controlled the country n Egypt not freed until 1956 n

The Berlin Conference: 1884 -85 Sponsored by Bismarck and Jules Ferry n To prevent

The Berlin Conference: 1884 -85 Sponsored by Bismarck and Jules Ferry n To prevent European conflict n Germany teamed up with France here to play France and Britain against each other n Coincided with Germany’s rise as an imperial power n Resulted in “The Scramble for Africa” n

The Berlin Conference: The Rules n No Imperial power could claim a territory in

The Berlin Conference: The Rules n No Imperial power could claim a territory in Africa unless it effectively controlled that territory n Slavery and the Slave trade in Africa was terminated (right)