Impedance Tests Conventional Transmission Line Model Impedance Tests

Impedance Tests Conventional Transmission Line Model

Impedance Tests Maxwell Equations J. C. Maxwell 1831– 1879 O. Heaviside 1850– 1925

Impedance Tests Maxwell Equations Nabla definition Gradient Divergence Curl (“Rotor”)

Impedance Tests Maxwell Equations: Gradient

Impedance Tests Maxwell Equations: Divergence

Impedance Tests Maxwell Equations: Curl (“Rotor”)

Impedance Tests Maxwell Equations: Additional Equations

Impedance Tests Maxwell Equations: Generalization Problem

Impedance Tests Maxwell Equations: Constitutive Equations

Impedance Tests The Telegraph: first idea 1753; Morse 1837 Heaviside, 1880

Impedance Tests Transmission Line: Ordinary Discrete Circuit Making Zin = Z 0 and solving for Z 0 gives:

Impedance Tests Transmission Line Model

Impedance Tests Transmission Line: Distributed Circuit Model

Impedance Tests Characteristic Impedance Low R and G Approximation

Impedance Tests Coax Cable Z from geometry

Impedance Tests Characteristic Impedance In Free Space: Propagation Velocity

Impedance Tests Time Delay: td = x/v

Impedance Tests The Heaviside Method of Pulse Generation: What is the pulse amplitude and duration?

Impedance Tests

Impedance Tests

Impedance Tests Poynting Vector J. H. Poynting 1852– 1914

Impedance Tests Right Hand Rule

Impedance Tests Transmission Line: “Electrostatic” Fill-up

Impedance Tests Transmission Line: Open End Fill-up from 50 Ohm

Impedance Tests Transmission Line: Applying Power - 1

Impedance Tests Transmission Line: Applying Power - 2

Impedance Tests Transmission Line: Applying Power – 3

Impedance Tests Transmission Line: Applying Power – 4

Impedance Tests Transmission Line: Applying Power – 5

Impedance Tests Transmission Line: Applying Power – 6

Impedance Tests Transmission Line: Applying Power – 7

Impedance Tests Superposition of Forward and Reflected Waves

Impedance Tests Reflections: Ideal Case, Soft to Hard Medium

Impedance Tests Reflections: Ideal Case, Hard to Soft Medium

Impedance Tests Reflections: Real Case, Soft to Hard Medium

Impedance Tests Reflections: Real Case, Hard to Soft Medium

Impedance Tests Reflections

Impedance Tests Reflections

Impedance Tests Reflections

Impedance Tests Reflections

Impedance of Various Cross-Sections Impedance Tests Petal Low-Mass Tapes

Impedance Tests Petal Low-Mass Tapes

Impedance Tests Test Structures

Impedance Tests Bit Error Rate Tests: LVDS Driver

Impedance Tests Bit Error Rate Tests: LVDS Receiver

Impedance Tests LVDS Driver Output Stage Equivalent Schematics

Impedance Tests Test Circuit Schematics

Impedance Tests Test Circuit: Minimizing Scope Probe Ground Area

Impedance Tests Simulation

Impedance Tests Differential Line Imedance Variable Load Termination

Impedance Tests Differential Line Signals

Impedance Tests Differential Line Signals The test method clearly reveals errors.

Impedance Tests Influence of the serial R