Impacts of Water pollution Water Source of life

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Impacts of Water pollution

Impacts of Water pollution

Water Source of life

Water Source of life

But look at what we are doing to it Photo by Risab Jain Photo

But look at what we are doing to it Photo by Risab Jain Photo by Subijoy Dutta

Do you know it affects us all? Photo by Sudhanshu Malhotra

Do you know it affects us all? Photo by Sudhanshu Malhotra

WATER POLLUTION Natural Anthropogenic Chemical Microbial

WATER POLLUTION Natural Anthropogenic Chemical Microbial

Natural pollution Groundwater in certain areas is rich in some inorganic chemical compounds such

Natural pollution Groundwater in certain areas is rich in some inorganic chemical compounds such as fluorides, arsenic etc. These chemicals bio accumulate in the body. They are not excreted out of the body easily and if rate of intake is higher than rate of excretion, they accumulate in the body.

Fluorosi s Natural pollution Excess fluoride in the body (above 1. 5 – 2

Fluorosi s Natural pollution Excess fluoride in the body (above 1. 5 – 2 ppm) http: //www. fannz. org. nz Skeletal Fluorosis ©Ruhani Kaur/UNICEF India Dental Fluorosis 20 states in India have groundwater that is rich in fluoride

How does fluorosis impact people Handicapped Social outcastes Lose livelihood Poverty Medical costs that

How does fluorosis impact people Handicapped Social outcastes Lose livelihood Poverty Medical costs that they can’t meet http: //gbgm-umc. org/nwo/99 ja/india 3. jpg http: //farm 1. static. flickr. com http: //www. heal. co. uk/images/child-labour-3. jpg A young girl living on the streets in India. Photograph: Rob Elliott/AFP/Getty Images

Arsenicosis Natural pollution causes liver Liver damage (jaundice, cirrhosis) Vascular disease Cancers of the

Arsenicosis Natural pollution causes liver Liver damage (jaundice, cirrhosis) Vascular disease Cancers of the lung kidney skin bladder

Chemical Anthropogenic water pollution Impacts: Health Aquatic life Other impacts Microbial

Chemical Anthropogenic water pollution Impacts: Health Aquatic life Other impacts Microbial

Chemical contamination and its impacts Nitrates • Sources – – Fertilizers Unsanitary conditions Leaks

Chemical contamination and its impacts Nitrates • Sources – – Fertilizers Unsanitary conditions Leaks Unhygienic practices Drinking water contaminated with nitrates can lead to serious, even fatal consequences particularly for infants. In human body, nitrate is converted to nitrite which then combines with haemoglobin to form metheamoglobin which reduces oxygen levels in the blood. This causes cyanosis (blue baby syndrome) and in severe cases it can cause death Anthropogenic pollution

Chemical contamination and its impacts Heavy Metals Lead: Industrial effluents from battery manufacturing industries,

Chemical contamination and its impacts Heavy Metals Lead: Industrial effluents from battery manufacturing industries, industries which have a paint shop etc. Anthropogenic pollution These compounds bioaccumulate in our bodies and are dangerous to health and life. Many cause cancer, affect various vital organs and can cause death. Cadmium: Marine and aerospace applications; some fertilisers, detergents and refined petroleum products. Mercury: Widespread use in industrial processes and in various products (e. g. batteries, lamps and thermometers)

Chemical contamination and its impacts Anthropogenic pollution Lead: Kidney, nerve and brain damage; anaemia

Chemical contamination and its impacts Anthropogenic pollution Lead: Kidney, nerve and brain damage; anaemia – leads to death. Children most susceptible Cadmium: Kidney damage, genetic mutations Mercury: Damage to brain and central nervous system

Chemical contamination and its Anthropogenic pollution impacts Synthetic Organic Chemicals These compounds bioaccumulate in

Chemical contamination and its Anthropogenic pollution impacts Synthetic Organic Chemicals These compounds bioaccumulate in our bodies and are dangerous to health and life. Pesticide s Cause cancers, damage to the nervous system, reproductive system, endocrinal system Plasti cs Dye

Bio-magnification Organisms higher in the food chain are exposed to contamination from different sources.

Bio-magnification Organisms higher in the food chain are exposed to contamination from different sources. Accumulation of these compounds increases as we

Anthropogenic pollution Minamata disease Industrial wastewater from the Chisso corporation (manufacturing fertilizers and other

Anthropogenic pollution Minamata disease Industrial wastewater from the Chisso corporation (manufacturing fertilizers and other chemicals) was released into the Minamata Bay in Japan The waste water was rich in methyl mercury Mercury content in shellfish in that region increased People ate the shellfish and the cats ate the leftovers

Anthropogenic pollution Minamata disease Strange things started to happen – cats had convulsions and

Anthropogenic pollution Minamata disease Strange things started to happen – cats had convulsions and died, crows fell from the sky, dead fish floated. . Young children had convulsions and difficulty in walking and speaking People died Investigation showed organic mercury poisoning affecting the nervous system First discovered in 1956 Lawsuits and claims continue till today

Anthropogenic pollution Health impacts of Microbial contamination of water Water-borne Diseases Water-based Diseases Water-washed

Anthropogenic pollution Health impacts of Microbial contamination of water Water-borne Diseases Water-based Diseases Water-washed Diseases Water-related vector borne Diseases

Water borne diseases (also water-washed and food borne) Diseases caused by ingestion of water

Water borne diseases (also water-washed and food borne) Diseases caused by ingestion of water contaminated by human or animal excrement, which contain pathogenic microorganisms • Cholera • Diarrhoeal diseases (dysentry) • Typhoid • Infective jaundice • Polio • Roundworm

The Faecal-Oral Route of Disease Transmission Faeces - the most dangerous pollutant One gram

The Faecal-Oral Route of Disease Transmission Faeces - the most dangerous pollutant One gram of human excreta can contain: • 10, 000 viruses • 1, 000 bacteria • 1, 000 parasite cysts • 100 parasite eggs Source: United Nations Children’s Fund, Sanitation for All: Promoting Dignity and Human Rights. UNICEF, New York, 2000.

The Faecal. Oral Route of Disease Transmission Water Excreta Flies Food Mouth Hands

The Faecal. Oral Route of Disease Transmission Water Excreta Flies Food Mouth Hands

Diarrhoeal disease Children in developing countries most affected Responsible for the deaths of 7,

Diarrhoeal disease Children in developing countries most affected Responsible for the deaths of 7, 000 million people every year (WHO, 2004) Over 7, 000 deaths in India in 1999 (works out to abt 1600 per day)

Water washed disease Diseases caused by poor personal hygiene and skin and eye contact

Water washed disease Diseases caused by poor personal hygiene and skin and eye contact with contaminated water • • • Scabies Skin sepsis and ulcers Leprosy Lice and typhus Trachoma Conjunctivitis Dysenteries Ascariasis Paratyphoid How Trachoma spreads

Water washed diseases Not enough water to keep clean Scabie s Trachom a

Water washed diseases Not enough water to keep clean Scabie s Trachom a

Water based Water Based Diseases Parasitic infections for which aquatic and semi-aquatic snails function

Water based Water Based Diseases Parasitic infections for which aquatic and semi-aquatic snails function as intermediate hosts diseases • Schistosomiasis • Dracunculiasis (Guinea worm disease) Life Cycle of guinea worm infection Schistosomiasis affects over 200 million people worldwide, of whom 88 million are under 15 years of age Life cycle of the guinea worm infection (dracunculiasis)

Water related vector borne diseases Transmission by insects having aquatic immature stages • •

Water related vector borne diseases Transmission by insects having aquatic immature stages • • • Dengue Filariasis Malaria Onchocerciasis Trypanosomiasis Yellow fever

Populations without access to safe drinking water http: //www. worldwater. org/drinkwa

Populations without access to safe drinking water http: //www. worldwater. org/drinkwa

Affect of anthropogenic water pollution on freshwater aquatic populations Sewage / Organic pollution in

Affect of anthropogenic water pollution on freshwater aquatic populations Sewage / Organic pollution in lakes – eutrophication (all life in lake dies) Industrial effluents dumped into rivers – fish kills and loss of underwater plants

Affect of anthropogenic water pollution on marine biodiversity • Oil spills in oceans –

Affect of anthropogenic water pollution on marine biodiversity • Oil spills in oceans – huge damage to marine biodiversity • Garbage in oceans – mistaken for food and consumed by marine animals. Causes death • Chemical pollution – from land based sources, damage marine biodiversity http: //sxmprivateeye. com/node/255

Acid rain – rain in which SO 2, oxides of nitrogen, chlorine, CO 2

Acid rain – rain in which SO 2, oxides of nitrogen, chlorine, CO 2 etc. are dissolved • Affects the hatching of fish eggs • p. Hs lower than 5 can kill adult fish. • Has eliminated insect life and some fish species • Kills microbes in the soil and alters soil chemistry

Acid rain – rain in which SO 2 and oxides of nitrogen are dissolved

Acid rain – rain in which SO 2 and oxides of nitrogen are dissolved High altitude forests are especially vulnerable as they are often surrounded by clouds and fog which are more acidic than rain. Damages buildings and historical monuments Sulphuric acid in the rain reacts chemically with the calcium compounds in the stones - limestone, sandstone, marble and granite - to create gypsum, which then flakes off.