Impacts of Industrialization ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS HOW DID INDUSTRIALIZATION

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Impacts of Industrialization ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS: HOW DID INDUSTRIALIZATION CHANGE LABOR NEEDS IN NC AND

Impacts of Industrialization ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS: HOW DID INDUSTRIALIZATION CHANGE LABOR NEEDS IN NC AND THE USA? HOW DID INDUSTRIALIZATION AFFECT INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS?

Big Corporations & New Technology Corporations: Large companies requiring labor-employees Technology: Both agricultural and

Big Corporations & New Technology Corporations: Large companies requiring labor-employees Technology: Both agricultural and industrial

Sweat Shops, Steel Mills, and Factories Decrease in need for skilled craftsmen Increase in

Sweat Shops, Steel Mills, and Factories Decrease in need for skilled craftsmen Increase in need for unskilled laborers Decrease in need for farmers Labor needs in rural areas decline Labor needs in urban areas increase Increase in need for labor results in children entering labor force

Skilled craftsman becomes Unskilled laborer Pre-Civil War was society of independent producers and property

Skilled craftsman becomes Unskilled laborer Pre-Civil War was society of independent producers and property owners Farmers, craftsmen and shopkeepers generally owned their property After Civil War and Industrialization Factories and urban life replaces independence Machines allow for unskilled labor Large companies & factories erode working relationships 1900 workers will debate how to best defend their interests against corporations Role of unions considered

Farm & Rural replaced by Factory & City (Urban) New technology like tractors save

Farm & Rural replaced by Factory & City (Urban) New technology like tractors save labor on the farm BUT…. Means less work and less jobs for next generation New technologies like gas-steam engine & electricity Create jobs in factories

Child Labor Farm life children worked for their families in controlled environments Factory work:

Child Labor Farm life children worked for their families in controlled environments Factory work: 12 – 14 hours days with 1 hour breaks Little to no pay – orphans had it worse Conditions horrible, heavy machinery injuries and deaths occur often Children could fit in small places to work on machines Children could be paid less Harsh forms of punishment i. e. weighting

Family Structure Changes See decline in extended family ties as some move on to

Family Structure Changes See decline in extended family ties as some move on to the city Gender roles change – women no longer relegated to the home Men play greater role in domestic chores Families became smaller

Social Structure Changes Development of a middle class – benefits from technology Working class

Social Structure Changes Development of a middle class – benefits from technology Working class faces long hours, low wages, poor working and living conditions Industry leaders and other elite become very wealthy live in luxury

Urbanization: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly Industrialization grows and changes the nature

Urbanization: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly Industrialization grows and changes the nature of cities Previously hubs of commerce, cities becomes centers of manufacturing New technology changes the look of cities with taller buildings and larger bridges New forms of transport increase the size of cities i. e. trolley cars Allows the elite to move out of city Tenement housing represents the negative impact of industrialization

Urbanization and Tenement Housing: narrow four or five-story buildings with few windows, limited plumbing

Urbanization and Tenement Housing: narrow four or five-story buildings with few windows, limited plumbing and electricity, and tiny rooms often packed with people, mostly blacks and immigrants. Main housing available to poor working class represented by African Americans & Immigrants Characterized by pollution, disease and ethnic confrontations Jacob Riis: a Danish American social reformer, muckraking journalist and photographer Known for his photographs taken to help the impoverished of NYC Muckraking: concept of searching for & exposing corruption, scandal especially in politics