Impact of Terrorism The impact of terrorism can

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Impact of Terrorism The impact of terrorism can be broken down into many different

Impact of Terrorism The impact of terrorism can be broken down into many different categories, including: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The impact on the individual The impact on society The impact on the government The impact on the economy The impact on the international community In some cases, the examples we study will overlap into different categories; bear this in mind as you take notes in your jotter.

Impact of Terrorism on Individuals

Impact of Terrorism on Individuals

American Psychological Association Managing traumatic stress: Coping with terrorism Terrorism threatens a society by

American Psychological Association Managing traumatic stress: Coping with terrorism Terrorism threatens a society by instilling fear and helplessness in its citizens. It seeks to hold a society or government hostage by fear of destruction and harm. When terrorist acts occur, people generally look for ways to cope with the acute stress and trauma. Terrorism evokes a fundamental fear of helplessness. The violent actions are random, unprovoked, and intentional, and often are targeted at defenceless citizens. Trying to cope with the irrational information that is beyond normal comprehension can set off a chain of psychological events culminating in feelings of fear, helplessness, vulnerability and grief.

Who is affected? After a terrorist attack, many people are impacted. People who have

Who is affected? After a terrorist attack, many people are impacted. People who have experienced the trauma often fall into the following categories: 1 - Survivors of past traumatic events (e. g. , refugees of wars, terrorism or torture, and survivors of domestic violence, child abuse or street crime). These individuals may have a heightened sense of vulnerability. 2 - People who personally witnessed or were victims of the terrorist attack. 3 - People who experience traumatisation from learning of relatives, friends and acquaintances who were subject to the violence, or from exposure to repeated media accounts of the trauma.

What you may experience following a terrorist attack People who have experienced or witnessed

What you may experience following a terrorist attack People who have experienced or witnessed a terrorist attack may go into a state of acute stress reaction. You may feel one or all of these symptoms: § Recurring thoughts of the incident § Becoming afraid of everything, not leaving the house or isolating yourself § Stopping usual functioning, no longer maintaining daily routines § Survivor guilt — "Why did I survive? I should have done something more. " § Tremendous sense of loss § Reluctance to express your feelings, losing a sense of control over your life

Click on the link above to read, and watch, an interview with a 9/11

Click on the link above to read, and watch, an interview with a 9/11 survivor.

Click on the link above to read an interview with a fireman who attended

Click on the link above to read an interview with a fireman who attended 9/11.

Click on the link above to read, and watch, a news report on the

Click on the link above to read, and watch, a news report on the impact of the kidnapping of the Nigerian school girls.

Impact of Terrorism on Society

Impact of Terrorism on Society

Xenophobia — fear or hatred of strangers or foreigners — can be heightened under

Xenophobia — fear or hatred of strangers or foreigners — can be heightened under a terrorist threat and can become a social and psychological danger. The fear generated by terrorism can be exacerbated by a population's diversity if there is distrust between groups, categories and classification of citizens. It is important to recognize that diversity in a population can be an opportunity for unity and strength. Apologies for the bad language!

Click on the link above to read the article.

Click on the link above to read the article.

Click on the link above to read the article.

Click on the link above to read the article.

Click on the link above to read the article.

Click on the link above to read the article.

America still mourns the loss of life at 9/11

America still mourns the loss of life at 9/11

America still mourns the loss of life at 9/11

America still mourns the loss of life at 9/11

Impact of Terrorism on the Governments

Impact of Terrorism on the Governments

Many individual governments have had to create Counter-Terrorism policies and laws to try and

Many individual governments have had to create Counter-Terrorism policies and laws to try and prevent and deal with the terrorist threat. We will look at the following departments, laws and/ or policies introduced by different countries in response to the threat of terrorism. - UK – Terrorism laws (booklet – page 34) http: //www. bbc. co. uk/news/uk-politics-29414574 - UK – CONTEST (handout) - USA – PATRIOT Act 2001 (booklet – page 35) - USA – State Department; Bureau of Counter. Terrorism (website – see next slide and handout)

Bureau of Counter-Terrorism About the Bureau The Mission Statement Leadership of the Bureau Current

Bureau of Counter-Terrorism About the Bureau The Mission Statement Leadership of the Bureau Current Programmes and Initiatives 2013 Fiscal Statement Country Reports on Terrorism 2013 – Executive Summary (handout)

International attention and scrutiny Following a major incident, governments may find themselves under scrutiny

International attention and scrutiny Following a major incident, governments may find themselves under scrutiny from the world media and other governmental bodies. The Nigerian government has been criticised for its lack of effective action over the kidnapping of 200 school girls. As have the USA for sending in help to late.

Impact of Terrorism on the Economy

Impact of Terrorism on the Economy

Economic consequences of terrorism… Terrorism can effect the economy in a variety of ways,

Economic consequences of terrorism… Terrorism can effect the economy in a variety of ways, including impacting: 1. Defence 2. Business and tourism 3. Insurance

1. Defence costs… The next slide contains extracts from the Home Affairs Counterterrorism report

1. Defence costs… The next slide contains extracts from the Home Affairs Counterterrorism report (2013 -2014).

The UK’s response to the terrorist threat… “Terrorist plots and acts of terrorism are

The UK’s response to the terrorist threat… “Terrorist plots and acts of terrorism are investigated by the police and the security and intelligence agencies. Government funding for counter-terrorism policing was £ 573 million in 2012 -13. The security and intelligence agencies receive a budget of £ 2. 1 billion. In 2011 -12 MI 5 allocated 72% of its resources to international counter-terrorism whereas MI 6 and GCHQ allocated roughly a third each of their budgets to international counterterrorism. ”

“The increasingly diverse and dispersed nature of the threat makes capacity building a front-line

“The increasingly diverse and dispersed nature of the threat makes capacity building a front-line defence against a changing threat landscape. We note that the Foreign and Commonwealth Office’s budget is limited by available resources but given the importance of capacity building to the Government’s counterterrorism efforts we look to the OSCT and the FCO to reassure us that the Counter-Terrorism Fund will be maintained at current levels in this and the next financial year. In the light of the announcement that the Prime Minister is considering using some of the UK’s aid budget on peace keeping and other defencerelated projects, we recommend that within the definitions of Overseas Development Aid, money could be used to increase resource for capacity building abroad. ”

The European Union… In his evidence to the committee, Gilles de Kerchove, the EU’s

The European Union… In his evidence to the committee, Gilles de Kerchove, the EU’s Counter-Terrorism Coordinator, painted a worrying picture. Mr de Kerchove said that national budgets devoted to counter-terrorism are declining across the EU but that “the threat that we face is becoming more diverse, more diffuse, and more unpredictable. ” Mr de Kerchove was particularly concerned about Africa where he suggested the threat was growing and becoming a major obstacle to development. In his evidence to us, Mr Laborde of CTED said that: “All States have had to make cut-backs in their own expenditure. However, CTED, like its partners, works hard to “do more with less” by developing capacity building projects that are designed in very practical ways to maximize the use of resources. These include the implementation of regional approaches, in which capacity-building addresses the needs of a number of countries at once. ”

The USA…

The USA…

2. Business and tourism “Tourism is an example of an industry directly affected by

2. Business and tourism “Tourism is an example of an industry directly affected by terrorism; indeed, research in Spain has shown that a typical terrorist attack scares away over 140, 000 tourists. Since September the 11 th 2001 it is now much more expensive to fly due to security fees being added on to ticket costs by airports and airlines. ” “Terrorism is most likely to directly affect poorer developing countries. For such countries, tourism is usually a very valuable source of income. When terrorist attacks occur and tourists are put off from visiting it can have a negative impact on that country’s income. ”

“In 2002 the island of Bali suffered at the hands of Islamic extremists when

“In 2002 the island of Bali suffered at the hands of Islamic extremists when a bomb killed 202 people and injured 240 others. The bomb was deliberately set off in a local nightclub which many tourists and young backpackers frequented. The main impact of the Bali bombings on the tourism industry was loss of income: the beach vendors on the islands reported a drop of nearly two-thirds in their income. Businesses in the tourism sector therefore suffered due to the consequences of terrorism. ” Read through the handouts in your booklet

3. Insurance… Companies have recently begun offering insurance against terrorism. This protects owners against

3. Insurance… Companies have recently begun offering insurance against terrorism. This protects owners against any losses they might have due to a terrorist attack. The odds of a terrorist attack happening remain unlikely – but if a terrorist attack did happen the insurance company might have to pay out a lot of money – making it very difficult to insurance against terrorism. Most travel insurance now protects people against being stranded as the result of a terrorist attack (60% of all travel insurance now includes cover against situations arising due to terrorist attacks) and the cost of travel insurance has increased as a result. (National 4 & 5 Modern Studies Course Notes; Leckie & Leckie) Read through the handout from Caitlin’s Insurance company.

IAGS – Institute for the Analysis of Global Security

IAGS – Institute for the Analysis of Global Security