Impact of False Codling Moth FCM in horticulture
- Slides: 9
Impact of False Codling Moth (FCM) in horticulture in Kenya John Nderitu University of Nairobi
Introduction Horticulture (US$ 1 billion) in 2015 (1. 45% GDP) Fruits(26%) Vegetables (36%) Domestic value of hort. in 2014 Capsicums ( Kshs 514 M) Flowers-69 % of export earnings in 2014 (US$ 630 million) Employment >2 million people (Farmers, employees, exporters, input suppliers, logistics, transport Source: KNBS 2015
Challenges Climate change Market Access Changing market requirements (stds)e. g. 10% inspection rule Loss of market due pesticide residues )-beans and peas Emerging new pests and diseases e. g. FCM Non-compliance and loss of market
False codling Moth • Are small, inconspicuous moths (noctuidae) • Highly polyphagous (wide host range-capsicum, avocado, roses, citrus, maize, sorghum) and short life cycle • FCM -quarantine pest by the European Commission and EPPO and named a ‘harmful organism’ since 2014. • Leading cause of non-compliance in capsicums in export market • Increased scrutiny of Kenyan capsicum and increased cost of business= low profit margins or losses Source: UK moths. com and www, kephis. org,
ct ob er N 20 ov 14 em be D r 2 ec 01 em 4 be r 2 Ja 01 nu 4 ar y Fe 20 15 br ua ry 20 15 M ar ch 20 15 Ap ril 20 15 M ay 20 15 Ju ne 2 o 15 Ju ly 20 Au 15 gu st Se 20 pt 15 em be r 2 01 5 O No. of Interceptions Economic and Phytosanitary significance of FCM interceptions 5 0 7 2 4 6 2 3 1 0 2 1 Total interceptions 35 30 29 25 20 22 15 10 9 9 6 4 5 10 6 7 4 5 2 4 KEPHIS 2015
INTERCEPTION TREND DUE TO HARMFUL ORGANISMS Jan – March 2018 Source. EUROPHYT 2018
INTERCEPTION TREND DUE TO HARMFUL ORGANISMS April- June 2018 Source. EUROPHYT 2018
Management options and their shortcomings: • Use of chemicals e. g. (collagen, cypermethrin, IGRS) v Overlapping generations, larvae in fruits and resistance • Use of pheromones to disrupt mating v Not all males can be trapped hence not 100% effective • Orchard sanitation and cultural control e. g. growing under protected environment v Labour intensive and less effective because FCM pupates in soil • Sterile male techniques v Expensive and not available locally • Phytosanitary control e. g. cold treatments v Expensive and not available to small-holder farmers Way forward-development of a comprehensive IPM strategy
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