Impact of European Exploration Colonization Setting the stage

Impact of European Exploration & Colonization

Setting the stage… �Christopher Columbus first arrives in the Americas in 1492 � 1501 – Portuguese explorer Amerigo Vespucci claims that the lands discovered by Columbus was NOT Asia, but rather was a new world � 1507 – A German mapmaker names the American continent after Vespucci �Over the next 200 years, other European explorers sail across the Atlantic in search of new lands to claim � Portugal, England, France, Netherlands (Dutch)

Line of Demarcation and the Treaty of Tordesillas �Rivalry between Spain and Portugal over territory in the new world was very intense � 1493: Pope Alexander VI suggests dividing the territory � Line of Demarcation: imaginary dividing line drawn north to south through the Atlantic Ocean �All territory to the west = Spain �All territory to the east = Portugal

Line of Demarcation (1493)

Line of Demarcation and the Treaty of Tordesillas �Rivalry between Spain and Portugal over territory in the new world was very intense � 1493: Pope Alexander VI suggests dividing the territory � Line of Demarcation: imaginary dividing line drawn north to south through the Atlantic Ocean �All territory to the west = Spain �All territory to the east = Portugal � 1494: Spain and Portugal sign the Treaty of Tordesillas – moves the Line of Demarcation further west

Line of Demarcation & Treaty of Tordesillas Line of Demarcation (Treaty of Tordesillas 1494) Line of Demarcation (1493)

Central & South America �Conquistador: Spanish North America �Northwest Passage: route for conqueror over North America to Asia � 1519 – 1521: Hernando Cortez defeats the Aztecs �France establish colony (New France) in modern �Montezuma II – Aztec emperor day Canada � 1532: Francisco Pizarro � Based on trade defeats the Inca �English establish colony in Jamestown, Virginia �More advanced weapons & DISEASE! �Dutch establish colony called New Netherland �By the middle of the 16 th in modern day NE century, Spain has an United States American Empire

Atlantic Slave Trade �Europeans seek cheap labor --- began using enslaved Africans �Atlantic Slave Trade: the buying and selling Africans for work in the Americas �Between 1500 & 1600, nearly 300, 000 Africans were transported to the Americas � 1700 s: nearly 1. 3 million

Triangular Trade

Middle Passage �Middle Passage: the voyage that brought captured Africans to the West Indies, and later to North and South America �Africans packed into ships �Whippings, beatings, disease… � Estimated that approximately 20% of Africans died on this journey

Slavery in Africa vs. Slavery in the Americas Africa Americas � Existed for centuries � Slavery is based on race before European influence � Slaved had some legal rights and opportunity for social mobility � Becomes hereditary… parents = slave, child = slave

Columbian Exchange �The global transfer of foods, plants, and animals during the colonization of the Americas