ImmunologyPharmacy Students Innate Immunity Lecture 4 Dr Mohammad

Immunology/Pharmacy Students Innate Immunity Lecture 4 Dr. Mohammad Odibate Department of Microbiology and immunology Faculty of Medicine, Mu’tah University

Objectives To understand the meaning of the innate immune response To study the different lines of the innate immune response To understand the interaction between the different lines of the innate immune response To study the association between NKs and innate immunity

Introduction Pathogens : disease causing organisms Bacter ia Viruses Fungi parasites

Introduction Innate: Existing from the time a person or animal is born Inherent Native Natural

Introduction Immune system Adaptive Immunity - Specific to antigen - Non-immediate response - Immunological memory after exposure Innate Immunity - Non-specific, general - Immediate response - No immunological memory First line defense: - External barriers Second line defense Humoral Immunity: - Complement - Interleukins - Enzymes Humoral Immunity: - Antibodies - Interleukins Cellular Immunity: Phagocytes Natural killer cells Cellular Immunity: - T cells - B cells

Levels of Immunity Third line defense Adaptive Immunity Second line defense First line defense Target Innate Immunity

Innate immunity First line defense External barriers 1 - Physical barriers a. Skin stratum cornum b. The mucous membranes

Innate immunity First line defense External barriers 1 - Physical barriers c. Respiratory tract c. Urinary tract

Innate immunity First line defense External barriers 2 - Chemical barriers The p. H of different organs prevents the bacterial colonization: ü Skin about 5, 5 ü Stomach between 1 -3 ü Vagina between 4, 4 -4, 6

Innate immunity First line defense External barriers 3 - Microbicidal barriers:

Innate immunity

Innate immunity Third line defense Adaptive Immunity Target Second line defense First line defense

Innate immunity Second line defense of the innate immune system Humoral Immunity: - Complement - Interleukins - Enzymes Cellular Immunity: Phagocytes (phagocytosis) Natural killer cells

Innate immunity Second line defense of the innate immune system Cellular Immunity: Phagocytes Natural killer cells Humoral Immunity: - Complement - Interleukins - Enzymes

Innate immunity Phases of immune response in the second line of the innate immune system products of injured cells Stimulate mast cells Lysozyme Defensins complement Histamine Interleukins Vasodilatation Monocyte

Innate immunity Phases of immune response in the second line of the innate immune system

Innate immunity Phagocytosis: A process by which a phagocytic cells engulf a solid particle to form an internal vesicle known as a phagosome Stages 1. Recognition and attachment of microbes by phagocytes 2. Ingestion 3. Destruction 4. Secretion of interleukins

Innate immunity Stages Phagocytosis: 1. Recognition and attachment of microbes by phagocytes Toll like receptor (TLR) Macrophage TLR recogizes pathogen associated molecular pattern

Innate immunity Stages Phagocytosis: 1. Recognition and attachment of microbes by phagocytes Gram positive Gram negative LPS LP TLR 1, 2, 6 TLR 4 promote bacterial phagocytosis This will produce signaling factors called interleukins

Innate immunity Stages Phagocytosis: 3. Digestion 2. Ingestion Phagosome Lysosome

Innate immunity Stages Phagocytosis: 4. Secretion of interleukins Interleukin-1: Interleukin-6: Increased vascular - Production of acute phase proteins permeability - Elevating body temperature (fever) Interleukin-12: - Activates NK cells - Influence lymphocyte differentiation