Immunology Specific Defenses 40 2 Continues SPECIFIC DEFENSE

  • Slides: 7
Download presentation
Immunology: Specific Defenses 40 -2 Continues….

Immunology: Specific Defenses 40 -2 Continues….

SPECIFIC DEFENSE: 3 rd Line n If the 1 st (skin) and 2 nd

SPECIFIC DEFENSE: 3 rd Line n If the 1 st (skin) and 2 nd (Inflammatory Response) lines of defense don’t work, an Immune Response is started q q Pathogens are coated with antigens 2 types of Immune cells (WBC’s) recognize pathogens n n B cells: fight pathogens/antigens in body fluids T cells: fight abnormal cells and pathogens inside living cells

B Cells Attack!!!! When a pathogen enters the body: n 1. 2. 3. B

B Cells Attack!!!! When a pathogen enters the body: n 1. 2. 3. B cells recognize the antigens and divide rapidly (Think the size of an army) Many B cells produce antibodies (proteins that bind to antigens; these markers tell the body where the “bad guys” are) Other B cells turn into memory cells. If the pathogen attacks the body a second time; these cells divide rapidly and produce mass amounts of antibodies

Antibodies n n These proteins are “Y” shaped in structure Each branch of the

Antibodies n n These proteins are “Y” shaped in structure Each branch of the “Y” can bind to an antigen Antibodies are specific for antigens q Similar to the lock and key model Healthy adults can produce about 100 million different types of antibodies!

T Cells Attack!!!!! n n n Once the antibodies are attached to the pathogens,

T Cells Attack!!!!! n n n Once the antibodies are attached to the pathogens, Natural Killer T cells destroy the pathogen Other T cells may help activate Killer T cells or Memory T cells (which act the same way as Memory B Cells) Killer T cells kill pathogens found inside other cells as well as body cells gone bad

Passive vs. Acquired Immunity n Passive Immunity: q q Any time Antibodies are injected

Passive vs. Acquired Immunity n Passive Immunity: q q Any time Antibodies are injected or introduced into an organism, it is passive immunity. The immunity is given to the organism without any work being done n Acquired Immunity q q q Requires the organism to make Antibodies Can be the result of previous infection Often the result of Vaccination n Vaccines are weakened or dead versions of a live more harmful pathogen

Immune system goes wrong…. n n n Allergies: Overreactions of the immune system…normally the

Immune system goes wrong…. n n n Allergies: Overreactions of the immune system…normally the body is trying to kill something that is not harmful q The body produces Histamines which cause sneezing, itchy eyes, running nose etc… q Treatments include antihistamines Asthma: A severe respiratory allergic response in which the airways become inflamed q There is not cure but many treatments including steroids Autoimmune Disorders: Sometimes the body doesn’t recognize its own cells and attacks them. q Examples include: Rheumatoid arthritis, Multiple Sclerosis, AIDS and Type I Diabetes