Immunization Done by Rand Al sabagh Outline Introduction

Immunization Done by : Rand Al sabagh

Outline: -Introduction about immunization. -Definition of immunization. -Importance of immunization. -The Jordanian national immunization program. -The role of community health nurse about immunization. -Summary. -Conclusion. -Article.

Objective: At the end of this seminar the students will be able to: 1. Identify the definition of immunization. 2. Explain the importance of immunization. 3. Identify the Jordanian national. immunization program that use it in health care center. 4. Demonstrate the role of community health nurse in immunization.

Introduction Immunization against communicable diseases has been, and continues to be, one of the most Important public health programs available. Although many diseases have now been curtailed or Eradicated by immunization programs in Jordan, children and adults require immunization For continued protection

Immunization Is a process to giving antigen to stimulate the immune response through Active or passive immunity -Active immunity: Immune bodies are actively formed against specific antigens, it could be:

Naturally: by having had the disease clinically or sub clinically. Artificially: by introducing vaccine -Passive immunity: Temporary immunity by transfusing plasma protein which contains antibodies, it could be: Naturally: from mother to fetus Artificially: from another human& animal.

Importance of immunization : -To decrease mortality and morbidity rates. -Eradication of certain diseases. -Improvement in national economy.

BCG It is given in first month to protect children against TB, It is found worldwide Rout of admistration intradermal. 5 ml Contraindication: Pregnancy and immuncopremised Side effect : Skin ulceration, subcutaneous abscess

DTa. P It protects against Tetanus, pertussis, and Diphtheria. Given in second, third, fourth and eighteen months Serious disease caused by bacteria. Diphtheria: Causes a thick covering back of the throat Can lead to breathing problem, paralysis heart failure and even death

Tetanus: Causes painful tighten of muscles usually all over the body. Can lead to “locking “of the jaw so patient cant open his /her mouth or swallow. Pertusis (whooping cough) Causes coughing spell. It’s hard for patient can’t eat, drink, death These spells last for weeks Can lead pneumonia seizure and brain damage and death

Contraindications: 1. Encephalopathy (coma, altered level of consciousness, prolonged seizures) within 7 days of previous dose 2. Progressive neurological disorder till neurological state is clarified. Side effect: 1. Fever more than 40. 5, during 48 hrs of previous dose 2. Collapsed or shock like state during 48 hrs of previous vaccine dose 3. Seizures during 3 days or less of previous vaccine dose 4. Persistent inconsolable crying more than 3 hr during 48 hr of previous vaccine dose

Polio Is a disease of the nervous system, caused by infection of the polio virus. Infection may lead to appraises in any of the muscles of the body and permanent disability. Given in the third, fourth and ninth Contraindication: Pregnancy, immunodeficiency

MMR At the one year old and 18 months Measles: Causes rash, cough, runny nose , eye irritation fever Mumps: Cause fever, headache, swollen gland Can lead deafness, meningitis, Rubella: Cause rash and mild fever, and cause arthritis.

Contraindications: 1. A life-threatening allergic reaction to gelatin, neomycin, or to a previous dose of MMR vaccine 2. Pregnant women 3. Known severe immunodeficiency like severely symptomatic

Hepatitis B Vaccine Viral infection characterized by: Fever, headaches, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, liver may enlarge. This virus easily spread through contact blood body fluids contamination objects where the virus can live up to 7 days Side effect: -Adverse effect: -Swelling at injection sites. -Fever -Prolong crying.

Haemophilus Influenzae Type B Protect against hemophilia influenza type B infection. Studies in infant’s ages 2 -6 months show the high risk Require minimum of 3 doses & one booster for maximum immunity Side effect: Local pain and erythematic. Mild fever

The role of community health nurse about immunization 1) Educating the Parent/ Caregivers Among all the barriers, mother’s lack of knowledge is the most important for the low immunization rate. Nurses are trained to keeps aside her values and beliefs and guides the parents towards responsible decision making by providing them accurate information and reliable resources. Nurses are a vital resource not only for administering immunizations, but also in playing a major role in promoting the benefits of immunizations.

Information given to mothers about how to deal with vaccine side effect Vaccination is safe in most of the cases, but sometimes side effects appear. It is important to remind parents that not taking vaccination will put their child in serious risks; the chance to get the disease if not immunized is more risky than side effects.

1. Pain Sometimes, the injections are painful, through the child cries for a while. Local swelling at the site of injection would disappear soon. It is important to remember the benefits that we gain from vaccination outweigh some tears. Both children and adult can comprehend and understand. It is necessary to provide them with information they need and pursues them so they accept the idea. Never threaten a child using vaccination as a punishment, you should play with him/her reduce his stress.

2. Local effect The site of injection become sore and red, it is a normal side effect last for 2 days can be controlled by giving the child an antipyretic (i. e. Paracetamol) according to his/her weight, and to repeat the dose every 4 -6 hours. You shouldn't give Aspirin. Also, you can ( tab water) compress

3. Mild elevation in temperature Lasts for 2 days, should be monitored and treated by antipyretic medication (i. e. Paracetamol) according to his/her weight, and to repeat the does every 4 -6 hours.

Send when parent seen in his child we should go back o physician Continuous crying for more than 3 hours. Most the time sleepy and difficult to awake. Pallor and fatigability. Temperature of more than 40 C. Convulsions

Summary

Conclusion Vaccination is very important for child immune system to protect him from future illness and we need to be more alert to the schedule of the vaccine for the child , And never ignore the child right to be immunize.

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