Immunity Susceptibility Lack of resistance to a disease

Immunity Susceptibility- Lack of resistance to a disease Resistance/ immunity- Ability to ward off disease Innate (nonspecific) immunity- Resistance to all microbes; present from birth (can be species specific) Adaptive (specific) resistance- Resistance to a specific pathogen

Host defense systems Figure 16. 1 - Overview (1 of 3)

First line of defense- skin -Physical factors -Chemical factors -Microbiota

First line of defense- mucosal surfaces -Physical factors * Mucous production * Cilia * Hairs

First line of defense- mucosal surfaces -Physical factors -Chemical factors -Normal microbiota

First line of defense- lacrimal apparatus -Physical factors -Chemical factors

Second line of defense- blood cells! Bruce Wetzel (photographer). Harry Schaefer (photographer) National Cancer Institute

Second line of defense- blood cells! Table 16. 1 (2 of 3)

Second line of defense- blood cells! Table 16. 1 (3 of 3)

Complete blood count (CBC) Type of cell Increase Decrease RBC Erythrocytosis Polycythemia Anemia WBCs Leukocytosis Leukopenia - lymphocytes Lymphocytosis Lymphocytopenia - granulocytes Granylocytosis Granulocytopenia - neutrophils Neutrophilia Neutropenia - eosinophils Eosinophilia Eosinopenia Thrombocytosis Thrombocytopenia Platelets ALL cell lines Pancytopenia

Processes: Phagocytosis Figure 16. 7 - Overview Figure 16. 6

Processes: Inflammation Chemicals released by damaged cells that cause: - Vasodilation - Increased permeability - Activation of Complement system

Processes: The Complement System Activation of complement proteins will: 1. Enhance phagocytosis 2. Punch holes in microbes 3. Cause inflammation