Immunity and Infection Chapter 17 Chain of Infection

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Immunity and Infection Chapter 17

Immunity and Infection Chapter 17

Chain of Infection n Transmitted through a chain (six links) n n Pathogen -

Chain of Infection n Transmitted through a chain (six links) n n Pathogen - disease causing microorganism Reservoir - natural environment of the pathogen: Person, animal or environmental component Portal of Exit Means of transmission • Direct transmission • Indirect transmission n Portal of entry New host Breaking the Chain 2

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Body’s Defense System n Physical and Chemical barriers n n Skin, mucous membranes, respiratory

Body’s Defense System n Physical and Chemical barriers n n Skin, mucous membranes, respiratory tract Immunulogical Defenders • Neutrophils • Macrophages • Lymphocytes • T-cells • Helper, Killer, and Suppressor • B-cells • Antibodies • Memory T and B cells 4

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The Body’s Defense System n The Inflammatory Response. n Histamine. • Dilation of blood

The Body’s Defense System n The Inflammatory Response. n Histamine. • Dilation of blood vessels, heat, redness, and swelling. 6

Body’s Defense System n Immune Response n n Phase 1 – Macrophages Phase 2

Body’s Defense System n Immune Response n n Phase 1 – Macrophages Phase 2 – Helper T cells multiply • Production of Killer T and B cells • Cytokines n Phase 3 – Killer T cells strike • Cell-mediated immune • Anti-body mediated immune response n Phase 4 – Last Phase – • Suppressor T-cells 7

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Immunization The process of ‘priming’ the body to remember an encounter with a specific

Immunization The process of ‘priming’ the body to remember an encounter with a specific antigen. n VACCINE- Introduction of a killed or weakened pathogen to stimulate the body to produce antibodies. (active immunity). n PASSIVE IMMUNITY- Injection of antibodies produced by other human beings or animals. n ACQUIRED IMMUNITY-The ability of a memory lymphocytes to remember a previous infection. (chicken pox). n 9

Allergy n The Body’s Defense System Gone Haywire Allergies n Allergens n • Pollen,

Allergy n The Body’s Defense System Gone Haywire Allergies n Allergens n • Pollen, Dander, Dust mites, Molds, Food, Insects n The Allergic response • Immunoglobulin (Ig. E) • Anaphylaxis 10

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Dealing With Allergies Avoidance n Medication n Immunotherapy n 12

Dealing With Allergies Avoidance n Medication n Immunotherapy n 12

Type of Pathogens n Bacterium – Microscopic single celled organism n Pneumonia n Meningitis

Type of Pathogens n Bacterium – Microscopic single celled organism n Pneumonia n Meningitis n Strep Throat and other streptococcal infections n Toxic shock and other staphylococcal n Tuberculosis n Lyme Disease n Ulcers n Antibiotic Treatment 13

Type of Pathogens n Viruses n n n Common Cold Influenza Measles, Mumps and

Type of Pathogens n Viruses n n n Common Cold Influenza Measles, Mumps and Rubella Chickenpox, Cold Sores Other Herpes virus infections Viral encephalitis Viral Hepatitis Poliomyelitis Rabies Warts Treatment 14

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Types of Pathogens n Fungus – n n Protozoan – n n Microscopic single-celled

Types of Pathogens n Fungus – n n Protozoan – n n Microscopic single-celled animal – Malaria, African sleeping sickness. Parasitic worm – n n Primitive plant – Yeast infections, athletes foot Largest organism that can enter the body – Tapeworm, Hookworm, and Pinworm. Prions n Fetal degeneration disorders of the CNS, linked to “proteinaceous infectious partilces. 16

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Emerging Infectious Diseases n n n n Drug Resistance Poverty The breakdown of public

Emerging Infectious Diseases n n n n Drug Resistance Poverty The breakdown of public health measures Environmental changes Travel and Commerce Mass food production and Distribution Human Behaviors 18

Other Immune Disorders n Cancer and Autoimmune Diseases n If the immune system breaks

Other Immune Disorders n Cancer and Autoimmune Diseases n If the immune system breaks down • Getting older • HIV infection • Chemotherapy n Autoimmune diseases • Rheumatoid arthritis • Systemic lupus erythmatosus 19

Giving Yourself a Fighting Chance n How to support your immune system Public Health

Giving Yourself a Fighting Chance n How to support your immune system Public Health n Taking care of yourself n • Nutrition • Exercise • Rest • Moderation of Lifestyle • Controlling Stress 20

Thank You! 21

Thank You! 21