Immigration urbanization Gilded Age CH 10 Immigration Europeans

Immigration, urbanization, Gilded Age CH. 10

Immigration • Europeans flood into the US in late 19 th century – Italians. Greeks, poles Russian Eastern European Jews – Escaping religious persecution, avoid military service, And seek opportunity/move up the social ladder – The Atlantic Voyage (Pg. 377)

Immigration -Ellis Island- New York (Gateway for European immigrants) -Ethnic Cities “little Italy” -Angel Island- California– Asian Immigration - Railroad workers - Chinese Exclusion act – barred Chinese immigration for 10 years and prevented Chinese already in the country from becoming citizens https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=OE 4_Fp. Zv. GFA

Reaction to Immigrants • Nativism: a preference for native-born and a desire to limit immigration – Reaction against Catholicism – Anxiety that immigrants would take jobs of American – https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=h. Mkz-Mrxs-c

American Migration • Urbanization- Americans migrate to the cities – 1870: 10 million in cities – 1900: 30 million in cities Why?

Class Separation • High Society • Middle class Gentility – a result of Industrialization, twice the salary of the working class. • The Working class – factory workers, most city dwellers. Tenements, multi-family apartments.

Urban Problem • • Crime accelerates Crime blamed on immigrants Disease Pollution

Urban politics • The political Machines- an informed political group designed to gain and keep power • Party bosses – ran the political machines • Tammany Hall – most famous of the political machine • Boss Tweed – ran Tammany Hall, eventually arrested for corruption and sent to prison

“The Gilded Age” • Individualism- Horatio Alger- wrote more than 100 “rags to riches” novels. • Social Darwinism – society progressed and became better because only the fittest people survived. • Carnegie’s Gospel Of wealth- Wealthy Americans bore the responsibility of engaging in Philanthropy • What is philanthropy? • Promoting the welfare of others.

pop culture • Standard of living rise-- “going out”- The saloon, amusement parks (Coney Island), Sports (boxing, baseball, football) Basketball invented 1891 • Vaudeville and ragtime – mimicked the hectic pace of the city.

Reform • Social criticism – problems could be fixed only if Americans and their government began to take a more active role in regulating the economy and helping those in need. • The Social Gospel- movement to better conditions in cities – Salvation Army – YMCA – Jane Addams (Hull House) – settlement houses in poor neighborhoods to help immigrants – Public Education and Americanization – assimilating immigrants into American culture. Classes taught in English.