Immigration Slavery 4 Waves of British Immigration 1
Immigration & Slavery • 4 Waves of British Immigration 1. 2. 3. 4. “Great Migration” 1630 s thru 1640 s> N. E. col “Cavaliers” after 1649 (Civil War)> VA & MD Quaker migration – 1681 > PA, NJ, DL Celtic Britons 1700 – 1775 Hundreds of thousands most move to western backwoods areas • Indentured Servants pros & cons • Non-English Ethnic groups (p. 67) 1. Scots-Irish (really Scots) 7% 2. Germans 6% 3. Dutch, Swedes, French (Huguenots) 4. Africans
Slavery in the Colonies • Cause – the need for labor mainly on plantations • Transatlantic Slave Trade * Middle Passage • Slave Auctions Newport, RI Charleston, SC • • Diversity among African slaves Development of unique slave culture over time Revolts – 1739 – Stono Rebellion Free blacks in the colonies
Political & Economic Development of American Colonies • Tradition of English government 1. King John & the Magna Charta, 1215 2. Charter of 1606 & Virginia Company 3. Colonial Representative governments – governor’s council elected assembly 4. Rights of colonial elected assembly: * initiate legislation * control of taxes in the colony (purse strings) 5. Voting rights in colonies
Dominion of New England • Created by James II, 1686 • Sir Edmund Andros & his actions • Reaction of New England colonists – negative • Impact of the Glorious Revolution (bloodless), 1688 1. *English Bill of Rights, 1688 2. Effects of Dominion of New England (Edmund Andros) 3. Effect on American History 4. John Locke’s Contract Theory of Government 5. Liesler’s Rebellion
Colonial Trade System/Economic Policy • Navigation Acts & their enforcement • Mercantilism – a country should always export more than they import, thereby keeping a favorable balance of trade; a mother country can use her colonies as a storehouse of raw materials & as a marketplace for manufactured goods • Commercial Revolution in England & her colonies • Triangular Trade: p. 77 • Salutary Neglect
Enlightenment in Europe & America Developing American Culture • • • Impact of the scientific revolution Effect on Established beliefs Benjamin Franklin & his accomplishments • Education in the Colonies 1. initial purpose 2. primary schools in New England 3. colonial colleges *Harvard, 1636 * William & Mary, 1693 * Yale, 1702 • Religion in the Colonies 1. Early prominent groups or denominations 2. Great Awakening 1. Causes 2. Roles of Jonathan Edwards & George Whitefield 3. Effect *Significance in history
Regional Cultures & Diversity • New England 1. settlement patterns – townships 2. homes & family life 3. economy & commerce – fishing, farming, shipbuilding, trade 4. Puritan religion – Covenant Theory (Congregational Church) a) strains within the Puritan community b) Half-Way Covenant c) witchcraft hysteria in Salem Village, 1691 -1692 5. environment & population growth 6. colonial cities: Boston, MA; Newport, RI
Regional Cultural & Diversity • Southern Colonies: 1. settlement pattern – widely spread counties 2. homes & family life 3. economy & cash crops – tobacco, rice, indigo 4. Anglican Church position –“established church” 5. environment & population growth 6. colonial city – Charles Towne, SC
Regional Cultures & Diversity • Middle Colonies: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. settlement patterns – ethnic diversity homes & family life economy – agriculture & trade religious diversity & freedom environment & population growth colonial cities: New York, NY Philadelphia, PA
Women in Colonial America • Assumed to be inferior to men 1. weaker physically & mentally 2. prone to immorality • Shortage of women in general • Laws regarding women 1. property ownership 2. treatment by husbands • Exceptions to rules in certain circumstances
Communication & Transportation • Overland Transport vs. water transport • Taverns – most numerous businesses in colonial America before revolution • Postal Service 1. delivery of the post 2. role of Ben Franklin • Newspapers – 22 papers published by 1745 1. *case of John Peter Zenger, 1734 > helped pave the way for freedom of the press
Colonial Wars for Empire • European & inter-colonial wars: 1689 -1763 *basically France & her allies vs. England & her allies • Great War for Empire – French & Indian War 1. causes & outbreak of fighting a) Ft. Duquesne 2. spreads to Europe – Seven Years War 3. Acadians (Cajuns) exiled from Canada 4. Battle of Quebec, 1759 5. Peace of Paris, 1763 – *results of war (list)
Aftermath of French & Indian War • American spirit grows in colonies • Pontiac’s Rebellion - 1763 • Proclamation of 1763 by George III 1. Proclamation Line – resented by colonists • Colonial Contributions to the war 1. Albany Plan of Union-inter-colonial efforts 2. Colonial militia forces assist British in fighting 3. Role of George Washington
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