ILO Decent Work indicators background methodology and results

ILO Decent Work indicators: background, methodology and results Nikolai Rogovsky, Senior Specialist, Policy Integration Department, ILO

Tripartite Meeting of Experts on the Measurement of Decent Work (Sept. 2008) Ø Global methodology for the measurement of decent work Ø Decent Work Indicators (DWIs) are both Statistical (SIs) and Legal Framework (LFIs) indicators Ø Profiles as documents that contain DWIs

Principles and framework for measuring Decent Work defined by the GB in Nov. 2009 Ø Purpose of the measurement framework (and, in particular, of the profiles): § to assist constituents to assess progress towards DW & § to offer comparable information for analysis and policy development. Ø NO ranking of countries & NO composite index. Ø Needs to cover all the dimensions of Decent Work

Also: approved list of substantive elements of the DW framework (“thematic areas”) and list of DWIs : structure of the profiles (chapters) 1. Economic and social context for decent work 2. Employment opportunities 3. Adequate earnings and productive work 4. Decent hours 5. Combining work, family and personal life 6. Work that should be abolished 7. Stability and security of work 8. Equal opportunity and treatment in employment 9. Safe work environment 10. Social security 11. Social dialogue, workers’ and employers’ representation

In each chapter: Ø Statistical indicators (SIs) Ø Legal Framework indicators (LFIs) Ø Narrative aimed at explaining the trends and at describing links between SIs and LFIs

Different types of statistical indicators Ø A layered approach to indicators: Ø Main indicators (M): Core set of indicators to monitor progress towards decent work (18). Ø Additional indicators (A): To be used where appropriate, and where data are available (25). Ø Context indicators (C): Provide information on the economic and social context for decent work (11). (ONLY FOR CHAPTER 1) Ø Future indicators (F): Currently not feasible due to conceptual or data availability issues, but to be included in the future (12). Ø Information included under legal framework (L) (21). Ø Disaggregation by sex is encouraged where possible and appropriate. Ø Countries are encouraged to select from the total list of indicators and additional indicators to reflect national circumstances.

18 Main Statistical DWIs Ø 1 – Employment-to-population ratio 2 – Unemployment rate 3 – Youth not in education and not in employment 4 – Informal employment 5 – Working poverty rate 6 – Low pay rate (below 2/3 of average hourly earnings) 7 – Excessive hours (more than 48 hours per week) 8 – Incidence of children in child labour 9 – Precarious employment rate 10 – Occupational segregation by sex 11 – Female share of employment in ISCO-08 sub-major groups 11, 12 and 13 12 – Occupational injury rate, fatal 13 – Share of population above a specified age benefiting from a pension 14 – Public social security expenditure (% of GDP) 15 – Union density rate 16 – Enterprises belonging to employer organization [rate] 17 – Collective bargaining coverage rate 18 – Indicator for Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work (Freedom of Association and Collective Bargaining) to be developed by the Office

Legal Framework Indicators (LFIs) LFIs give descriptive information on 21 pre-determined topics relevant to DW. Structure of LFIs: Law, policy or institutions: Content of laws, policies and institutions related to the subject-matter & description of the groups of persons that these apply to. Qualifying Conditions: When relevant, criteria for eligibility for a given benefit. Financing: When relevant, e. g. who contributes how much? Evidence of implementation effectiveness: Comments of ILO supervisory bodies related to implementation. Coverage of workers in law: If available, a broad estimate in percentage of the workforce covered by the law is indicated. Coverage of workers in practice: If available, a broad estimate in percentage of workers covered in practice is indicated. Ratification of ILO Conventions: Title of relevant ILO convention(s) and date of ratification, if ratified.

Example: “Employment Opportunities” area includes Type of indicator Example Main Statistical indicators Unemployment rate, etc. Additional indicators Employment by status of employment, etc. Future indicator Labour underutilization Legal indicators Unemployment insurance, etc. Content indicators See Ch. 1

What is a Decent Work Country Profile? Ø The Profiles are brief assessment reports on national progress towards DW over the last decade: Ø Compile all available data on statistical and legal framework indicators usually based on a national list of DWIs Ø Analyze gaps and trends within the socioeconomic context and the national labour and social policies Ø DWIs and the Profiles inform the design of national policies and programmes by providing baseline information Ø DWIs and the Profiles can also be used as monitoring tools of national policies and programmes by assessing progress to selected targets

How are the Profiles developed: steps Ø Agreement with the national constituents (we are always trying to link with DWC Programmes) Ø Initial mission (list of DWIs, data availability, political agreement, workplan) Ø Draft profile – comments from INTEGRATION, ILO field offices Ø Tripartite Validation workshop Ø Final ILO comments Ø Publication

The characteristics of DWC profiles Ø Objective (informing social dialogue) Ø Factual (only data that we trust) Ø Non-judgemental (not taking sides, same data – different interpretations) Ø Holistic (all thematic areas and, if possible, all Main SIs and LFIs) Ø Combines LFI and SI Ø Continuous process, should be linked with DWC Programme cycle

Geographical scope Ø Done: Ukraine, Tanzania (mainland), Austria, Brazil, Indonesia, Azerbaijan, South Africa Ø Final draft: Armenia, Zambia, Cameroun, Cambodia, Ø Validated drafts: Philippines Ø Advanced drafts: Niger, Brazil -2 (national + States) Ø Under preparation: Bangladesh, Peru, Senegal Ø Tentatively planned : Namibia, Moldova, Mauritius, Jordan

EC/ILO-MAP project “Monitoring and Assessing Progress on DW “ (2009 -13) Ø Objectives: ILO framework on the measurement of DW (TME, 2008) applied at national level, according to national priorities and policies (9 pilot-countries); global methodology developed for measuring & monitoring DW. Ø Meeting on Measuring and Monitoring DW (27 -29 June): lessons learnt from the MAP project: main achievements, main challenges, ILO tools and manuals prepared under MAP (10 countries represented, Geneva missions, UN agencies, EU agencies).

EC/ILO-MAP project “Monitoring and Assessing Progress on DW “ (2009 -13) Ø Profiles: a key instrument for designing/monitoring DWCP; priority topics and baseline indicators are identified for the DWCP monitoring. Ø Profiles: advocacy tools to be used by constituents to mainstream priority DW issues into NDF and to identify key performance indicators for the NDF monitoring framework (NSO/Ministry Planning-Finance): - where are we starting : baseline indicators - where are we going : target indicators

EC/ILO-MAP project “Monitoring and Assessing Progress on DW “ (2009 -13) Guidelines/tools prepared under MAP (manual for a global methodology): Ø Manual on definitions/concepts of DWIs (with STAT) Ø Toolkit on LFS questionnaire (with STAT) Ø Training manual on data processing/tabulation Ø Guidelines on data interpretation (LFS+SI) for the preparation of the Profiles Ø Guidelines in integrating DWIs and Profiles into DWCP.

Information and Knowledge Management (IKM) Implementation Structure Reporting SMT Steering Committee on Information and Knowledge Management Managerial Structure Chair: PROG, Members: EDs, RD rotating, INST, INT, STAT, 3 Task Force Leaders COUNTRY BASED POLICY ANALYSIS Task Force (2) GATEWAY Task Force (3) - Leader - Coordinator Product s WG Statistic al Databas es WG Legal Databas es WG Policy Databas es GATEWAY - Leader - Coordinator WG IT GLOBAL RESEARCH and PUBLICATIONS Task Force (1) - Leader - Coordinator Research and Publications Strategy JOINT CAPACITY BUILDING ACTIVITIES (1) Composition will be determined after a review of the Research and Publications Committee (2) Technical sectors reps, Regional reps, IT, PROGRAM, INTEGRATION, STATISTICS, IILS, INFORM (3) Techinical sector reps; Regional reps; INTEGRATION; STATISTICS; IILS Decent Work Teams Supported by HQ techinical staff Countr y 1 Countr y 2 Countr y 3 Integrated Country Analysis Methodology

Issues to be addressed Ø STAT and NORMES databases – very useful, but not always sufficient for the Profiles- need to find better links (Gateway? ) Ø Choice of Lead Consultant (National or international? ) Ø Language issues Ø Time and resources needed -> e-profiles Ø Ownership of the Profiles?