Illustrate Draw model 1 B Heliocentric Copernican System

Illustrate/ Draw model: 1 B

Heliocentric (Copernican) System • The word "helios" in Greek means "sun. " Heliocentric means that the sun is at the center. A heliocentric system is one in which the planets revolve around a fixed sun. 1 B

Helio- continued • Thus Mercury, Venus, the Earth, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn all revolve around the sun. The moon is the only celestial sphere in this system which revolves around the earth, and, together with it, around the sun. 1 B

Heliocentric (Copernican) System • Sun at center (heliocentric) • Uniform, circular motion –No epicycles (almost) • Moon orbited the earth, the earth orbited the sun as another planet 1 B

Heliocentric (Copernican) System • Planets and stars still on fixed spheres, stars don’t move • The daily motion of the stars results from the Earth’s spin • The annual motion of the stars results from the 1 B Earth’s orbit

Please Illustrate/ Pick one! 1 B

Our Solar System Our solar system is made up of: n Sun n Nine planets n Their moons n Asteroids n Comets n Meteoros

Inner Planets The inner four rocky / Terrestrial planets. These planets have hard rock crusts, and dense rock and metal cores are: n Mercury n Venus n Earth n Mars

Mercury • Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun. • Mercury rotates the Sun in only 88 days. • Mercury rotates very slowly on its axis with one day taking 58 Earth days. • Mercury barely has any atmosphere, but does have glaciers. • Called a morning star. This is because Mercury shines brightly in the early morning just before the sun rises. It has also been called an evening star for the same reason. Mercury is often visible for a brief period of time just after the Sun 1 B

Venus n n n Sister planet to Earth Size and structure is VERY similar to Earth, often called "Earth's Twin" Has no moons or rings Hot, thick atmosphere Brightest object in sky besides sun and moon (looks like bright star) Covered with craters, volcanoes, and mountains

Earth n n n Third planet from sun Only planet known to have life and liquid water Atmosphere composed of Nitrogen (78%), Oxygen (21%), and other gases (1%).

Mars n n Fourth planet from sun Appears as bright reddish color in the night sky Called "the Red Planet" because it surface is covered with iron oxide- RUST! Proves that Mars once had free oxygen molecules in its atmosphere. Surface features volcanoes and huge dust storms Has 2 moons: Phobos and Deimos

Outer Planets n n n A gas giant (sometimes also known as a jovian planet after the planet Jupiter, or giant planet) is a massive planet with a thick atmosphere of hydrogen and helium Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune

Jupiter Largest planet in solar system n Brightest planet in sky n 60+ moons, 5 visible from Earth n Strong magnetic field n Giant red spot n Rings have 3 parts: Halo Ring, Main Ring, Gossamer Ring n

Saturn n n n 6 th planet from sun Seven thin, flat rings not solid but made up of particles of ice, dust and rocks 31 moons Largest moon, Titan, Easily visible in the night sky A lightweight planet and it spins so fast Voyager explored Saturn and its rings.

Uranus 7 th planet from sun n Has a faint ring system n 27 known moons n Covered with clouds n Sits and spins on its side with the north and south poles sticking out the sides. n

Neptune n n 8 th planet from sun Discovered through math 7 known moons Triton largest moon Storm called the "Great Dark Spot" because it appears as a dark oval shape on the surface of the planet. n Great Dark Spot thought to be a hole, similar to the hole in the ozone layer on Earth n

Pluto our dwarf n Pluto, the outermost planet, is a small, icy "dwarf planet“ it is smaller than the Earth's Moon.

Pluto 9 th planet from sun (usually) n Never visited by spacecraft n Orbits very slowly n Moon, Charon, is very close to Pluto and about the same size n

Comet- chunks of ice and dust • Has an elliptical orbit around Sun • Has a head (nucleus and coma) and tail. • Tail always points away from sun.

Comets: Orbit

Asteroids- Larger chunks of rock n Vary in size and shape n In Asteroid Belt between Mars and Jupiter n Revolve around sun in 3 -6 years n

Asteroids: Illustrate /draw

Meteoroids- smaller chunks of rock and dust in space. 1. randomly move about space ; no specific orbit 2. come from remains of comets and asteroids • Meteor- a meteoroid that burns in the atmosphere- produces a streak of light. nickname: “Shooting star” • Meteori. Te- a meteoroid that doesn’t burn up in the Earth’s atmosphere. It Touches Earth.