IIIAFFECTIONS OF THE ESOPHAGUS IOBSTRUCTION OF THE ESOPHAGUS

III-AFFECTIONS OF THE ESOPHAGUS

I-OBSTRUCTION OF THE ESOPHAGUS �Obstructive esophageal disease, or choke, is frequently occurred in cattle and buffaloes. Causes: � 1 -Intra-luminal obstruction � 2 -Extra-luminal obstruction

-Signs of complete obstruction -Signs of incomplete obstruction - Predilection seats of esophageal obstruction - Diagnosis: - Differential diagnosis:

Treatment: Treatment is divided into three categories �Medical treatment, �Manipulative treatment, �Surgical traetment

1 -Medical treatment �Tranquilizer �Fluid therapy. 2 -Manipulative treatment � Removal by hand from the pharynx. � Stomach tube to push the obstructed foreign body into the rumen. �Extraction by means of foreign body extractor

3 -Surgical treatment A-Surgical exposure of cervical esophagus without esophagotomy �In large ruminant and equine ventrolateral exposure in the upper two thirds and lateral exposure in the lower one third �In sheep and goat ventrolateral exposure �In dog ventral exposure

B-Esophagotomy

III-ESOPHAGEAL DIVERTICULUM � 1 -Traction (true) diverticulum �It results from contraction of periesophageal fibrous scar tissue � 2 -Pulsion (false) diverticulum �It results from protrusion of mucosa and submucosa through a defect in the esophageal musculature

Diagnosis: �Clinical signs �Contrast radiography

Treatment: �Traction diverticulum, seldom requires treatment. �Pulsion diverticulum can be repaired by diverticulectomy with resection of the mucosal-submucosal sac or by inversion of the mucosal-submucosal sac with reconstruction of the muscular layer.

V-ESOPHAGEAL FISTULA �Causes �Signs �Diagnosis �Treatment