II Cell parts A Describing cell parts 1

II. Cell parts

A. Describing cell parts 1. Cells have many working parts 2. Similar to a factory 3. Whole factory makes cell products a. Mostly proteins

1. Divide the cell parts into 5 groups a. b. c. d. e. Nucleus Organelles Cytosol Cytoskeleton Cell membrane

B. Nucleus 1. The “Control Center” or “Brain” of the cell 2. Nucleus Functions: a. Protect Genetic Information (DNA) b. Site of Transcription i. Transcription = Making m. RNA

1. Nucleus Parts: a. Nuclear Envelope i. Double layer of membrane b. Nuclear Pores i. Openings in the envelope

a. DNA i. Blueprints of the cell ii. Genetic material that controls cell function b. Nucleolus i. Dark, dense spot in the nucleus ii. Where Ribosomes are made

C. Other Organelles a. Organelle = Little organ b. Each performs a specific job

1. Ribosomes a. The “work benches” of the cell b. Very Tiny – Smallest of the organelles c. Proteins are made here d. Found in two places i. Attached to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosome ii. Floating free Rough ER Protein

2. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum a. “Assembly line” of the cell b. Attached to Nuclear pores c. Proteins are folded inside here

3. Golgi Apparatus a. The “distribution center” of the cell b. Made of many flattened sacks of membrane c. Proteins are sorted for export or use d. Vesicles bud off as transport boxes i. Vesicles = Spheres of membrane

4. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum a. Part of the “assembly line” b. Has no Ribosomes attached c. Manufactures lipids instead of protein d. Found farther away from the nucleus

5. Lysosome a. Cell’s “Cleaning Crew” b. Contain digestive enzymes c. Breaks down “old” organelles d. Only in animal cells

6. Mitochondria a. b. c. d. The cell’s “power plant” Turns Sugar into energy Has a double membrane layer Has its own DNA and Ribosomes inside