II African Cultures A First Humans Paleontologists Scientists

A. First Humans • Paleontologists – Scientists who study fossils • Believe that the

Mary Leakey with clay models of early footprints

B. African People • Many different ethnic groups exist in Africa with their own

C. Slave Trade • Slavery existed in Africa long before Europeans arrived • Villages

D. Impact on Africa • Many Africans were killed during slave raids • Middle

E. Missionaries • Missionaries – Person who goes to another country to spread religion

F. European Colonization • 19 th Century – European countries sought control of Africa

G. Results of Colonial Rule • Europeans believed it was their burden to help

H. Rwanda • Ethnocracy – Government where one ethnic group controls another • Ethnic

• Hutu – 90% of population • Tutsi – 10% of population •

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II. African Cultures

A. First Humans • Paleontologists – Scientists who study fossils • Believe that the first humans developed in Africa around 3. 6 million years ago – modern country of Tanzania

Mary Leakey with clay models of early footprints

B. African People • Many different ethnic groups exist in Africa with their own unique history • Africans had many different types of traditions before European intrusion • Africa was central to trade of gold, ivory, salt, and slaves

Modern South African Women

C. Slave Trade • Slavery existed in Africa long before Europeans arrived • Villages fought each other and the captured people became slaves • 1400 s – Europeans began to trade for captured slaves

D. Impact on Africa • Many Africans were killed during slave raids • Middle Passage – Passage where slaves were sent to the New World • 1/3 rd of all slaves died during the Middle Passage • Most slaves were young men • African towns suffered because most of the young men were gone

Diagram of a Slave Ship

E. Missionaries • Missionaries – Person who goes to another country to spread religion • Most missionaries spread Christianity • Believed that Africans were savages with no religion – not true!

F. European Colonization • 19 th Century – European countries sought control of Africa • 1884 – U. S. A. and European countries met in Berlin to divide Africa between them • No African countries were allowed to attend • 1912 – Only Ethiopia and Liberia remained independent countries

G. Results of Colonial Rule • Europeans believed it was their burden to help Africans • Looked down on Africa’s rich cultures • Worsened many ethnic conflicts

H. Rwanda • Ethnocracy – Government where one ethnic group controls another • Ethnic Cleansing – Trying to kill a certain group of people • Genocide – Attempting to kill an entire group of people

• Hutu – 90% of population • Tutsi – 10% of population • The Belgians had made the Tutsi the ruling class in Rwanda • 1994 – Hutu controlled government killed over 1 million Tutsis • Another 2 million Tutsis were forced to leave the country • Rest of the world did nothing to stop the violence