IF CONDITIONALS THE TYPE 3 CONDITIONAL The type

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IF CONDITIONALS THE TYPE 3 CONDITIONAL

IF CONDITIONALS THE TYPE 3 CONDITIONAL

The type 3 conditional is used to refer to a time that is in

The type 3 conditional is used to refer to a time that is in the past, and a situation that is contrary to reality. The facts they are based on are the opposite of what is expressed. The type 3 conditional is used to refer to an unreal past condition and its probable past result. In type 3 conditional sentences, the if clause uses the past perfect, and the main clause uses the perfect conditional.

If clause Main clause If + past perfect conditional or perfect continuous conditional If

If clause Main clause If + past perfect conditional or perfect continuous conditional If this thing had happened, that thing would have happened. (but neither of those things really happened) OR that thing would have been happening. If you had studied harder, you would have passed the exam. If it had rained, you would have gotten wet. If I had accepted that promotion, I would have been working in Milan.

FORM In a Type 3 conditional sentence, the tense in the 'if' clause is

FORM In a Type 3 conditional sentence, the tense in the 'if' clause is the past perfect, and the tense in the main clause is the perfect conditional or the perfect continuous If clause (condition) Main clause (result) conditional. If + past perfect conditional or perfect continuous conditional If this thing had happened, that thing would have happened.

You may have to rearrange the pronouns and adjust punctuation when you change the

You may have to rearrange the pronouns and adjust punctuation when you change the order of the clauses, but the meaning is identical. Examples: � If it had rained, you would have gotten wet. = You would have gotten wet if it had rained. � You would have passed your exam if you had worked harder. = If you had worked harder, you would have passed your exam. � I would have believed you if you hadn't lied to me before. = If you hadn't lied to me before, I would have believed you.

FUNCTION The type 3 conditional refers to an impossible condition in the past and

FUNCTION The type 3 conditional refers to an impossible condition in the past and its probable result in the past. These sentences are truly hypothetical and unreal, because it is now too late for the condition or its result to exist. There is always some implication of regret with type 3 conditional sentences. The reality is the opposite of, or contrary to, what the sentence expresses. In type 3 conditional sentences, the time is the past and the

Examples: � If I had worked harder I would have passed the exam. (But

Examples: � If I had worked harder I would have passed the exam. (But I didn't work hard, and I didn't pass the exam. ) � If I had known you were coming I would have baked a cake. (But I didn't know and I didn't bake a cake. ) � I would have been happy if you had called me on my birthday. (But you didn't call me and I am not happy. )

In type 3 conditional sentences, you can also use modals in the main clause

In type 3 conditional sentences, you can also use modals in the main clause instead of "would" to express the degree of certainty, permission, or a recommendation about the outcome. Examples: � If I had worked harder I might have passed the exam. � You could have been on time if you had caught the bus. � If he called you, you could go.

CONTRACTIONS Both would and had can be contracted to 'd, which can be confusing

CONTRACTIONS Both would and had can be contracted to 'd, which can be confusing if you are not confident with type 3 conditional sentences. Remember 2 rules: 1. would never appears in the ifclause so if 'd appears in the if clause, it must be abbreviating had. 2. had never appears before have so if 'd appears on a

Examples: � If I'd known you were in hospital, I'd have visited you. �

Examples: � If I'd known you were in hospital, I'd have visited you. � If I had known you were in hospital, I would have visited you. � I'd have bought you a present if I'd known it was your birthday. � I would have bought you a present if I had known it was your birthday.

THE PERFECT CONDITIONAL TENSE

THE PERFECT CONDITIONAL TENSE

The perfect conditional of any verb is composed of three elements: would + have

The perfect conditional of any verb is composed of three elements: would + have + past participle Have followed by the past participle is used in other constructions as well. it is called the Subject + would + have + past participle "perfect infinitive". He would have gone They would have stayed

TO GO: PERFECT CONDITIONAL Affirmative Negative wouldn't have I would have gone Interrogative Would

TO GO: PERFECT CONDITIONAL Affirmative Negative wouldn't have I would have gone Interrogative Would I have gone? Interrogative Negative Wouldn't I have gone? You would have gone You wouldn't have Would you have gone? Wouldn't you have gone? He would have gone He wouldn't have gone Wouldn't he have gone? She would have gone She wouldn't have Would she have gone? Wouldn't she have gone? We would have gone We wouldn't have Would we have gone? Wouldn't we have gone? They would have gone They wouldn't have gone Wouldn't they have gone? Would he have gone? Would they have gone?

PERFECT CONTINUOUS CONDITIONAL

PERFECT CONTINUOUS CONDITIONAL

FORM In type 3 conditional sentences, the perfect form of the present conditional may

FORM In type 3 conditional sentences, the perfect form of the present conditional may be used. If clause (condition) Main clause (result) If + past perfect continuous conditional If this thing had happened, that thing would have been happening.

FUNCTION The perfect continuous conditional can be used in type 3 conditional sentences. It

FUNCTION The perfect continuous conditional can be used in type 3 conditional sentences. It refers to the unfulfilled result of the action in the if-clause, and expresses this result as an unfinished or continuous action. Examples: � If the weather had been better (but it wasn't), I'd have been sitting in the garden when he arrived (but I wasn't). � If she hadn't got a job in London (but she did), she would have been working in Paris (but she wasn't). � If I had a ball I would have been playing

The perfect continuous conditional tense of any verb is composed of four elements: would

The perfect continuous conditional tense of any verb is composed of four elements: would + have + been + present participle The present participle is formed by taking the base form of the verb and adding the -ing + present Subject + would + have + been participle ending. He would have been staying They would have been going

TO WORK: PERFECT CONTINUOUS CONDITIONAL Affirmative Negative I would have been I wouldn't have

TO WORK: PERFECT CONTINUOUS CONDITIONAL Affirmative Negative I would have been I wouldn't have living been living Interrogative Negative Would I have been Wouldn't I have living? been living? You would have been living You wouldn't have Would you have been living? Wouldn't you have been living? He would have been living He wouldn't have been living Wouldn't he have been living? She would have been living She wouldn't have Would she have been living? Wouldn't she have been living? We would have been living We wouldn't have Would we have been living? Wouldn't we have been living? They would have been living They wouldn't have been living Wouldn't they have been living? Would he have been living? Would they have been living?