IENG 451 Lecture 03 Ideation Brain Storming Fishbone

IENG 451 - Lecture 03 Ideation: Brain Storming, Fishbone Diagrams, Affinity Diagrams & Multi-Voting 9/17/2021 IENG 451 Operational Strategies 1

Ideation Overview l l This is the process of generating and selecting ideas. We need this for: 1. Identifying potential quality and lean process projects 2. Identifying potential Assignable Causes 3. Identifying potential solutions to 1 & 2 (above) 4. ANYTIME we need to find a starting direction for the team Among the MANY ways, four will be discussed: • • Brainstorming Fishbone Diagrams (review) Affinity Diagrams Multi-Voting 9/17/2021 IENG 451 Operational Strategies 2

Brainstorming l Purpose is to collect a wide range of ideas: • Quickly produces many ideas • Allows ALL team members to contribute ideas for • consideration Identifying disparate ideas helps increase the quantity of ideas: • • STIMULATION of other’s ideas SYNTHESIS of new ideas 9/17/2021 IENG 451 Operational Strategies 3

Brainstorming l Process for Brainstorming: 1. Review the problem statement 2. Clarify the goal(s) and review information: • relevant data • hard constraints 3. 4. 5. 6. Silent INDIVIDUAL idea time Gather & display ideas Add STIMULATION / SYNTHESIS ideas vocally Consolidate ideas 9/17/2021 IENG 451 Operational Strategies 4

Brainstorming l There are NO Rules for Brainstorming: 1. 2. 3. 4. NO criticism of ideas NO judgements as ideas are offered NO domination of vocal idea collection NO paraphrasing of anyone’s ideas when documenting 9/17/2021 IENG 451 Operational Strategies 5

Brainstorming l Goals for Brainstorming: 1. Go for QUANTITY of ideas 2. Allow individuals to completely state their ideas (no interruptions) 3. Be brief when stating ideas (don’t overdo it) 4. Building on ideas is good (SYNTHESIS) l l Organize only afterward Keep notes/cards for affinity diagrams after documenting 9/17/2021 IENG 451 Operational Strategies 6

Fishbone Diagram l Fishbone (Cause & Effect) diagram constructed by brainstorming • Identified problem at the “head” • Connects potential causes along the spine • Sub-causes are listed along the major “bones” • Man • Material • Method • Machine • Environment 9/17/2021 ENGM 720: Statistical Process Control 7

Fishbone Diagram, Cont. l The purpose of the fishbone diagram is to obtain as many potential influencers of a process, so that the breadth and potential interactions in a problem can be identified. Man Skill Level Attention Level Method Low RPM Travel Limits Dusty Bad Paint Environment Temperature Humidity Poor Conductor Poor Mixing Orifice Clogs Worn Parts Machine 9/17/2021 Poor Vendor Material ENGM 720: Statistical Process Control 8

Affinity Diagrams l Purpose is to organize items: • Ideas • Facts • Opinions l Organizing helps to focus thinking: • Similarities among items • Central themes among the team members 9/17/2021 IENG 451 Operational Strategies 9

Affinity Diagrams l Process for Diagraming: 1. Gather ideas from brainstorming / fishbones • Write on notes / cards if starting fresh 2. Post idea notes / cards randomly on surface of board or table: 3. Silently begin INDIVIDUAL grouping time • Create copies if disagreeing about placement 4. Create Headers for each grouping after clustering • • For each group, have participants interpret and label Can do a second round for further consolidation 5. Complete diagram and discuss results 9/17/2021 IENG 451 Operational Strategies 10

Multi-Voting l Purpose is to narrow efforts to the few, or consolidate on the key items: • • • l Best Ideas Most Relevant Facts Best Solutions Consolidation helps to move team forward: • • Sometimes the team is already at consensus, but just doesn’t realize it Sometimes the team needs to move toward consensus 9/17/2021 IENG 451 Operational Strategies 11

Multi-Voting l Process for Multi-Voting: 1. Enumerate / Identify every idea / option • Write on notes / cards if starting fresh 2. Display all options for all participants to see 3. Decide how many votes each individual will have • Rule of Thumb: 1/3 of the total number of items 4. Cast votes 5. Count votes • • • Identify top vote getters, Eliminate no / low vote getters Can do a second round for further consolidation 9/17/2021 IENG 451 Operational Strategies 12

Questions & Issues l There WILL be a lab tomorrow! 9/17/2021 IENG 451 Operational Strategies 13