IEEE 802 21 MEDIA INDEPENDENT HANDOVER DCN 21

• IEEE 802. 21 MEDIA INDEPENDENT HANDOVER • DCN: 21 -05 -0407 -04 -0000 • Title: Integration of XML and TLV • Date Submitted: January, 9, 2006 • Presented at IEEE 802. 21 session in Vancouver • Authors or Source(s): • Yoshihiro Ohba, Kenichi Taniuchi and Subir Das • Abstract: This document describes two methods for converting XML 1. 0 data to TLV format. The two methods and XML 1. 0 are compared in terms of number of encoded octets and processing time for three typical query types. 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000

IEEE 802. 21 presentation release statements • This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE 802. 21 Working Group. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing • • individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. The contributor grants a free, irrevocable license to the IEEE to incorporate material contained in this contribution, and any modifications thereof, in the creation of an IEEE Standards publication; to copyright in the IEEE’s name any IEEE Standards publication even though it may include portions of this contribution; and at the IEEE’s sole discretion to permit others to reproduce in whole or in part the resulting IEEE Standards publication. The contributor also acknowledges and accepts that this contribution may be made public by IEEE 802. 21. The contributor is familiar with IEEE patent policy, as outlined in Section 6. 3 of the IEEE-SA Standards Board Operations Manual <http: //standards. ieee. org/guides/opman/sect 6. html#6. 3> and in Understanding Patent Issues During IEEE Standards Development http: //standards. ieee. org/board/pat/guide. html> 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000

Information Service Properties • Information Service representation and Information query/exchange shall be • Extensible: • • Flexible: • • The specification shall be able to support future PHY/MAC technology, without changing the 802. 21 specification itself every time a new PHY/MAC technology is invented The specification shall be able to support various types of queries to be useful for different handover mechanisms, protocols, algorithms and policies. Efficient: • The specification shall avoid unnecessary information query/exchange and should have less information encoding overhead 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000

A Possible Approach • Schema-based semantic query with binary encoding • Schema provides extensibility • Semantic query provides flexibility and query efficiency • Binary encoding provides encoding efficiency How can we achieve all of above functionalities? It is evident that only by integrating XML and TLV, we can achieve best of each solution 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000

Candidate Solutions • XML provides schema-based semantic query • But needs to send more bits over the air if we use native XML 1. 0 format • TLV provides binary encoding • But does not provide a standard query language for semantic query It is evident that only by integrating XML and TLV, we can achieve best of each solution 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000

How Can We integrate? • Possible approach : XML binary representation • Convert XML data contained in query result into TLV • Two example conversion methods • Method A: Applicable to any XML data • Alias-based conversion • • • Convert XML namespace names to integers Convert XML tag names to integers Convert XML attribute names to integers Convert ENTRY names to integers • Mappings are carried with data Dynamic integer mapping • Method B: Applicable to a particular query language • Semantic bundling • • • Two or more semantically -related XML tags are mapped to a single integer for further optimization Taking advantage of the knowledge of the query language syntax Apply Method A for other operations 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000

Method A 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000

TLV Format for XML binary encoding Octets: 0 x 1= STR 0 x 2= XMLVER 0 x 3 = DOCTYPE 0 x 4 = ENTDEF 0 x 5 = DOC 0 x 6 = NSDEF 0 x 7 = BASE 0 x 8 = TAGDEF 0 x 9 = ATRDEF 0 xa = ENT 0 xb = NS 0 xc = TAG 0 xd = ATR 0 xe = STRALDEF 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000 Type Length Value 1 2 Variable Type field values 0 xf = STRAL 0 x 10 = YES 0 x 11 = NO 0 x 12 = BLANKNODE 0 x 13 = RDFTRIPLES 0 x 14 = VARIABLE 0 x 15 = RESULT …

STR TLV • Value field contains an octet string Octets: 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000 0 x 1 Length Octet String 1 2 Variable

STRALDEF TLV • Value field: String Alias Number and Octet String Octets: 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000 0 xe Length 1 2 String Alias Octet String Number 2 Variable

STRAL TLV • Value field: Octets: 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000 0 xf Length 1 2 String Alias Number 2

XMLVER TLV • Corresponds to <? xml version=“…”> tag • Value field contains the version string • In case of <? xml version=“ 1. 0”>, XMLVER TLV can be omitted Octets: 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000 0 x 2 Length Octet String 1 2 2

DOCTYPE TLV • Corresponds to <!DOCTYPE document_type> commentary tag • Value field contains the document_type string Octets: 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000 0 x 3 Length STR TLV 1 2 2

ENTDEF TLV • Corresponds to “<!ENTRY entry_name entry_value>” Octets: 0 x 4 Length 1 2 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000 Entry Number 2 STR TLV (Entry name) Variable STR TLV (Entry value) Variable

DOC TLV • Corresponds to the first non-commentary tag Octets: 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000 0 x 5 Length 1 2 List of NSDEF TLVs BASE Value (option) (Octet String) Variable

NSDEF TLV • Corresponds to “xmlns: namespace_name” attribute Octets: 0 x 6 Length 1 2 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000 NS Number 2 STR TLV or ENT TLV (NS name [Optional]) (NS value) Variable

BASE TLV • Corresponds to “xmln: base” attribute Octets: 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000 0 x 7 Length STR TLV or ENT TLV 1 2 Variable

TAGDEF TLV • Corresponds to the non-commentary tags except for the first one Octets: 0 x 8 Length 1 2 Tag Number 2 NS Number 2 Tag Name (Octet String) Variable If there is no explicit namespece, then NS Number value is 0 (zero) 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000

Predefined Tag Numbers (1. . 999) • • sparql= 1 head = 2 variable = 3 results = 4 result = 5 binding = 6 literal = 7 boolean = 8 TAGDEF TLV is not needed for the above tags 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000

TAG TLV • Corresponds to a non-commentary tag Octets: 0 xc Length Tag Number Zero or more ATR TLVs 1 2 2 Variable 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000 Zero or more TAG TLVs or TAGDEFs or ATRDEFs or STR TLV or STRAL TLV [OPTIONAL] Variable

ATRDEF TLV • Corresponds to an attribute_name=attribute_value part in tag Octets: 0 x 9 Length 1 2 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000 Attribute Number 2 NS Number 2 STR TLV STRAL TLV Variable

Predefined Attribute Numbers (1. . 999) • name = 1 • datatype = 2 • ordered = 3 • distince = 4 ATRDEF TLV is not needed for the above attribute numbers 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000

ATR TLV • Corresponds to an attribute_name=attribute_value part in tag Octets: 0 xd Length 1 2 Attribute Number 2 Entry Number 2 If there is no explicit entry, then Entry Number value is 0 (zero) 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000 STR TLV or STRAL TLV Variable

ENT TLV Octets: 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000 0 xa Length 1 2 Entry Number 2

NS TLV Octets: 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000 0 xb Length 1 2 NS Number 2

Type of query used in XML • XML-based query language, e. g. , SPARQL, has three types query: • Construction query: used for sub-graph fetch • • Selection query: used for selected bindings • • RDF triples are returned pairs of variable names and values are returned Boolean query: Used for binary answer • “yes” or “no” is returned 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000

Example of a Construction query • Query for obtaining IEs of a neighboring Po. A PREFIX mihbase: <http: //www. mih. org/> CONSTRUCT ? s ? p ? o WHERE { GRAPH ? g 1{ ? s ? p ? o ? x mihbase: poa ? poa mihbase: poa-type 19. ? poa mihbase: poa-id “aabbccddeeff”. } } 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000

Construction query result • Query result in XML 1. 0 (1130 Bytes) <? xml version="1. 0"? > <!DOCTYPE rdf: RDF [ <!ENTITY rdf "http: //www. w 3. org/1999/02/22 -rdfsyntax-ns#"> <!ENTITY rdfs "http: //www. w 3. org/2000/01/rdfschema#"> <!ENTITY mihbase "http: //www. mih. org/basicschema#"> <!ENTITY base "http: //mediaindependentinformationserver. org/" > ]> <rdf: RDF xmlns: rdf="&rdf; " xmlns: rdfs="&rdfs; " xmlns: mihbase="&mihbase; " xml: base="&base; "> <rdf: Description rdf: about="&base; network 2"> <rdf: type rdf: resource="&mihbase; Network"/> <mihbase: mdi> <rdf: Description> <mihbase: data-rate>54000</mihbase: data-rate> </rdf: Description> 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000 • Query result in XML binary in TLV (649 Bytes) [0 x 3][229][ [0 x 1][7]["rdf: RDF"] [0 x 4][54][1][ [0 x 1][3]["rdf"] [0 x 1][43]["http: //www. w 3. org/1999/02/22 -rdf-syntaxns#"] ] [0 x 4][49][2][ [0 x 1][4]["rdfs"] [0 x 1][37]["http: //www. w 3. org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"] ] [0 x 4][47][3][ [0 x 1][7]["mihbase"] [0 x 1][32]["http: //www. mih. org/basic-schema#"] ] [0 x 4][57][4][ [0 x 1][4]["base"] [0 x 1][45]["http: //mediaindependentinformationserver. org/"] ] ] [0 x 5][61] [ [0 x 6][13][1][ [0 x 1][3]["rdf"] [0 xa][2][1] ] [0 x 6][14][2][ [0 x 1][4]["rdfs"] [0 xa][2][2]] [0 x 6][17][3][ [0 x 1][7]["mihbase"] [0 xa][2][3]] [0 x 7][5][ [0 xa][2][4]]]] [0 x 8][15][1000][1]["Description"] [0 x 9][9][1000][1][0 x 1][5]["about"]

</mihbase: mdi> <mihbase: mii> <rdf: Description> <mihbase: poa-type>19</mihbase: poa-type> <mihbase: poa-id>aabbccddeeff</mihbase: poaid> </rdf: Description> </mihbase: poa> <mihbase: neighboring-poa> <rdf: Description> <mihbase: poa-type>19</mihbase: poa-type> <mihbase: poa-id>112233445566</mihbase: poaid> </rdf: Description> </mihbase: neighboring-poa> <rdf: Description> <mihbase: poa-type>19</mihbase: poa-type> <mihbase: poa-id>0123456789 ab</mihbase: poaid> </rdf: Description> </mihbase: neighboring-poa> </rdf: Description> </mihbase: mii> </rdf: Description> </rdf: RDF> 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000 [0 xc][314][1000][ [0 xd][12][1000][4]["network 2"] ] [0 x 8][8][1001][1]["type"] [0 x 9][15][1001][1][0 x 1][8]["resource"]] [0 xc][16][1001][ [0 xd][11][1001][3]["Network"] ] [0 x 8][7][1002][3]["mdi"] [0 xc][36][1002][ [0 xc][31][1000][ [0 x 8][13][1003][3]["data-rate"] [0 xc][1003][0 x 1][5][“ 54000”] ] ] [0 x 8][7][1004][3]["mii"] [0 xc][182][1004][ [0 xc][177][1000][ [0 x 8][7][1005][3]["poa"] [0 xc][65][1005][ [0 xc][60][1000][ [0 x 8][12][1006][3]["poa-type"] [0 xc][7][1006][0 x 1][2][“ 19”] [0 x 8][1007][3]["poa-id"] [0 xc][17][1007][0 x 1][12]["aabbccddeeff"]]] [0 x 8][19][1008][3]["neighboring-poa"] [0 xc][37][1008][ [0 xc][32][1000][ [0 xc][7][1006][0 x 1][2][“ 19”] [0 xc][17][1007][0 x 1][12]["112233445566"] ] ] [0 xc][37][1008][ [0 xc][32][1000][ [0 xc][7][1006][0 x 1][2][“ 19”] [0 xc][17][1007][0 x 1][12]["0123456789 ab"] ] ]

Example of a Selection query • Query for obtaining neighboring Po. A PREFIX mihbase: <http: //www. mih. org/> SELECT ? poa-id WHERE { ? mii mihbase: poa ? poa mihbase: poa-id 123456789 abc. ? mii mihbase: neighboring-poa ? neighboring-poa mihbase: poa-id ? poa-id. } 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000

Selection query result • Query result in XML 1. 0 (1525 Bytes) <? xml version="1. 0"? > <sparql xmlns="http: //www. w 3. org/2005/06/sparqlresults#"> <head> <variable name=”poa-id”/> </head> <results ordered=”false” distince=”false”> <result> <binding name=”poa-id”> <literal datatype="http: //www. w 3. org/2001/XMLSchema#hex. Bi nary"> aabbccddeeff</literal></binding> </result> <binding name=”poa-id”> <literal datatype=”http: //www. w 3. org/2001/XMLSchema#hex. Bi nary”> 112233445566</literal></binding> ……. (more 8 poa-ids are written here) </rebult> </results> </sparql > 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000 • Query result in XML binary in TLV (739 Bytes) [0 xc][735][1][ [0 x 6][42][0][ [0 x 1][38]["http: //www. w 3. org/2005/sparql-results#"]] [0 xc][23][2][ [0 xc][18][3][ [0 x 9][13][1][0][0 x 1][6]["poa-id"]]] [0 xc][659][4][ [0 x 9][12][3][0][0 x 1][5]["false"][0 x 9][12][4][0][0 x 1][5]["fals e"] [0 xc][102][5][ [0 xc][97][6][ [0 xd][13][1][0][0 x 1][6]["poa-id"]] [0 xc][76][7][ [0 xe][44][1][http: //www. w 3. org/2001/XMLSchema#hex. Bi nary] [0 xd][9][2][0][0 xf][2][1] [0 x 1][12]["aabbccddeeff"]]] [0 xc][55][5][ [0 xc][50][6][ [0 xd][13][1][0][0 x 1][6]["poa-id"]] [0 xc][29][7][ [0 x 9][9][2][0][0 xf][2][1] [0 x 1][12]["112233445566"]]] …(more 8 poa-ids are written here) ]]

Example of a Boolean query • Query for asking if a neighboring Po. A is 802. 11 PREFIX mihbase: <http: //www. mih. org/> ASK {? poa mihbase: poa-type 19 ; ? poa mihbase: poa-id “aabbccddeeff” } 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000

Boolean query result • Query result in XML 1. 0 (141 Bytes) <? xml version="1. 0"? > <sparql xmlns="http: //www. w 3. org/2005/sparqlresults#"> <head></head> <results> <boolean>true</boolean> </results> </sparql> 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000 • Query result in XML binary in TLV (73 Bytes) [0 xc][70][1][0 x 6][43][1][0 x 1][38]["http: //www. w 3. org/2005 /sparql-results#"] [0 xc][2][2] [0 xc][14][4] [0 xc][9][8][0 x 1][4]["true"] ]

Comparison of the formats 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000

Method B 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000

TLV Format for XML binary encoding Octets: 0 x 1= STR 0 x 2= XMLVER 0 x 3 = DOCTYPE 0 x 4 = ENTDEF 0 x 5 = DOC 0 x 6 = NSDEF 0 x 7 = BASE 0 x 8 = TAGDEF 0 x 9 = ATRDEF 0 xa = ENT 0 xb = NS 0 xc = TAG 0 xd = ATR 0 xe = STRALDEF 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000 Type Length Value 1 2 Variable Type field values 0 xf = STRAL 0 x 10 = YES 0 x 11 = NO 0 x 12 = BLANKNODE 0 x 13 = RDFTRIPLES 0 x 14 = VARIABLE 0 x 15 = RESULT …

YES TLV • • Value field: NULL This TLV may be used for encoding result of “yes” for Boolean query of SPARQL. When this TLV is carried, other TLVs carried in the same query result can be omitted. Receiver which receives this TLV decodes it to an appropriate XML format for the corresponding SPARQL Query results. Octets: 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000 0 x 10 Length(=0) 1 2

NO TLV • • Value field: NULL This TLV may be used for encoding result of “no” for Boolean query of SPARQL. When this TLV is carried, other TLVs carried in the same query result can be omitted. Receiver which receives this TLV decodes it to an appropriate XML format for the corresponding SPARQL Query results. Octets: 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000 0 x 11 Length(=0) 1 2

BLANKNODE TLV 0 x 12 Octets: 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000 1 Length(=2) Blank Node Number 2 2

RDFTRIPLES TLV Octets: 0 x 13 Length 1 2 Zero or more NS TLV (Optional) (Subject) Variable BLANKNODE TLV or STRAL TLV (Subject) Variable Zero or more BLANKNODE TLV or NS TLV (Optional) STR TLV or (Predicate) (Object) STRAL TLV (Predicate) Variable 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000 Variable BLANKNODE TLV or STRAL TLV (Object) Variable

VARIABLE TLV Octets: 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000 0 x 14 Length STR TLV 1 2 Variable

RESULT TLV Octets: 0 x 15 Length NS TLV (OPTIONAL) BLANKNODE TLV or STRAL TLV 1 2 Variable 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000

Construction query result with SPARQL optimization • (SPARQL Query Results XML Format) 1130 Bytes <? xml version="1. 0"? > <!DOCTYPE rdf: RDF [ <!ENTITY rdf "http: //www. w 3. org/1999/02/22 -rdfsyntax-ns#"> <!ENTITY rdfs "http: //www. w 3. org/2000/01/rdfschema#"> <!ENTITY mihbase "http: //www. mih. org/basicschema#"> <!ENTITY base "http: //mediaindependentinformationserver. org/" > ]> <rdf: RDF xmlns: rdf="&rdf; " xmlns: rdfs="&rdfs; " xmlns: mihbase="&mihbase; " xml: base="&base; "> <rdf: Description rdf: about="&base; network 2"> <rdf: type rdf: resource="&mihbase; Network"/> <mihbase: mdi> <rdf: Description> <mihbase: data-rate>54000</mihbase: data-rate> </rdf: Description> 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000 • (TLV) 586 Bytes [0 x 6][50][1][0 x 1][45]["http: //mediaindependentinformatio nserver. org/"] [0 x 6][37][2][0 x 1][32]["http: //www. mih. org/basicschema#"] [0 x 6][48][3][0 x 1][43]["http: //www. w 3. org/1999/02/22 -rdfsyntax-ns#"] [0 x 13][43] [0 xb][2][1][0 x 1][8]["network 2"] [0 xb][2][3][0 x 1][4]["type"] [0 xb][2][2][0 x 1][7]["Network"] ] [0 x 13][30] [0 x 12][2][1] [0 xb][2][2][0 x 1][9]["data-rate"] [0 x 1][5]["54000"] ] [0 x 13][32] [0 xb][2][1][0 x 1][8]["network 2"] [0 xb][2][2][0 x 1][3]["mdi"] [0 x 12][2][1] ] [0 x 13][26] [0 x 12][2][3] [0 xb][2][2][0 x 1][8]["poa-type"] [0 x 1][2]["19"] ] [0 x 13][34] [0 x 12][2][3] [0 xb][2][2][0 x 1][6]["poa-id"] [0 x 1][12]["aabbccddeeff"] ]

</mihbase: mdi> <mihbase: mii> <rdf: Description> <mihbase: poa-type>19</mihbase: poa-type> <mihbase: poa-id>aabbccddeeff</mihbase: poaid> </rdf: Description> </mihbase: poa> <mihbase: neighboring-poa> <rdf: Description> <mihbase: poa-type>19</mihbase: poa-type> <mihbase: poa-id>112233445566</mihbase: poaid> </rdf: Description> </mihbase: neighboring-poa> <rdf: Description> <mihbase: poa-type>19</mihbase: poa-type> <mihbase: poa-id>0123456789 ab</mihbase: poaid> </rdf: Description> </mihbase: neighboring-poa> </rdf: Description> </mihbase: mii> </rdf: Description> </rdf: RDF> 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000 [0 x 13][21] [0 x 12][2][2] [0 xb][2][2][0 x 1][3]["poa"] [0 x 12][2][3] ] [0 x 13][26] [0 x 12][2][4] [0 xb][2][2][0 x 1][8]["poa-type"] [0 x 1][2]["19"] ] [0 x 13][34] [0 x 12][2][4] [0 xb][2][2][0 x 1][6]["poa-id"] [0 x 1][12]["112233445566"] ] [0 x 13][33] [0 x 12][2][2] [0 xb][2][2][0 x 1][15]["neighboring-poa"] [0 x 12][2][4] ] [0 x 13][26] [0 x 12][2][5] [0 xb][2][2][0 x 1][8]["poa-type"] [0 x 1][2]["19"] ] [0 x 13][34] [0 x 12][2][5] [0 xb][2][2][0 x 1][6]["poa-id"] [0 x 1][12]["0123456789 ab"] ] [0 x 13][33] [0 x 12][2][2] [0 xb][2][2][0 x 1][15]["neighboring-poa"] [0 x 12][2][5] ] [0 x 13][32] [0 xb][2][1][0 x 1][8]["network 2"] [0 xb][2][2][0 x 1][3]["mii"] [0 x 12][2][2] ]

Selection query result with SPARQL optimization • (SPARQL Query Results XML Format) 1525 Bytes <? xml version="1. 0"? > <sparql xmlns="http: //www. w 3. org/2005/sparqlresults#"> <head> <variable name=”poa-id”/> </head> <results ordered=”false” distince=”false”> <result> <binding name=”poa-id”> <literal datatype="http: //www. w 3. org/2001/XMLSchema#hex. Bi nary"> aabbccddeeff</literal></binding> </result> <binding name=”poa-id”> <literal datatype=”http: //www. w 3. org/2001/XMLSchema#hex. Bi nary”> 112233445566</literal></binding> ……. (more 8 poa-ids are written here) </rebult> </results> </sparql > 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000 • (TLV) 192 Bytes [0 x 14][9][0 x 1][6]["poa-id"] [0 x 15][0 x 1][12]["aabbccddeeff"] [0 x 15][0 x 1][12]["112233445566"]. . . (more 8 poa-ids are written here)

Boolean query result with SPARQL optimization • (SPARQL Query Results XML Format) 141 Bytes <? xml version="1. 0"? > <sparql xmlns="http: //www. w 3. org/2005/sparqlresults#"> <head></head> <results> <boolean>true</boolean> </results> </sparql> 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000 • (TLV) 3 Bytes [0 x 10][0]

Comparison of the formats 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000

Comparison between Method A and Method B 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000

Comparison of the formats 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000

Two types of conversions Direct Conversion Binary Data 3 -Step Conversion 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000 Internal Data XML DOM

Data conversion time measured on PDA (CPU: ARM 206 MHz, OS: Linux) Constuction Query 　 Direct Conversion Binary(TLV) to Internal 3 Step Conversion Method B gunzip 7 9 Binary to XML 14 15 15 XML to DOM 41 41 41 DOM to Internal 33 33 33 Total 8８ 89 89 Method A Method B N/A Selection Query 　 Direct Conversion Binary(TLV) to Internal 10 3 Binary to XML 11 9 13 XML to DOM 36 36 36 DOM to Internal 52 52 52 Total 99 97 101 3 Step Conversion Direct Conversion Binary(TLV) to Internal 2 1 Binary to XML 6 6 12 XML to DOM 16 16 16 4 4 4 26 26 32 Total Method B N/A 　 DOM to Internal Method A gunzip Yes/No Query 3 Step Conversion 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000 Method A gunzip N/A

Backup 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000

Data conversion time for Method A measured on PC Internal data: DOM (Document Object Model) CPU: Pentium-M 1. 7 GHz OS: Linux • Construction query Internal to XML : 1 -2 ms XML to TLV: 2 -3 ms • Selection query Internal to XML : 3 ms XML to TLV: 3 ms • Boolean query Internal to XML : 1 ms XML to TLV: 2 ms 21 -06 -0407 -04 -0000