IEEE 802 11 Wireless Local Area Networks Bruce

IEEE 802. 11 Wireless Local Area Networks Bruce Kraemer Chair 802. 11 bkraemer@ieee. org V 09 Version 1. 0 EEE 802 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop Page 1

Disclaimer… “At lectures, symposia, seminars, or educational courses, an individual presenting information on IEEE standards shall make it clear that his or her views should be considered the personal views of that individual rather than the formal position, explanation, or interpretation of the IEEE. ” IEEE-SA Standards Board Operation Manual (subclause 5. 9. 3) 2 Version 1. 0 EEE 802 07 -Dec-20 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop Page 2

Introduction and Agenda Presentation Context History Market Science Challenges Standard Baseline Extensions Further Information Amendment Project details References 3 Version 1. 0 EEE 802 07 -Dec-20 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop Page 3

Workshop Presentations March 2011 IEEE 802 Workshop Presentations 802. 1 802. 3 802. 11 802. 15 802. 16 802. 17 802. 18 802. 19 802. 20 802. 21 802. 22 802. 23 Overview of 802 rules • http: //ieee 802. org/minutes/2011 -March/802%20 workshop/index. shtml EEE 802 Version 1. 0 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop Page 4

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IEEE 802 Organization IEEE Standards Association Standards Activities Board Sponsor IEEE 802 Local and Metropolitan Area Networks (LMSC) 802. 1 Higher Layer LAN Protocols 802. 3 CSMA/CD Ethernet 802. 5 Token Passing Ring Sponsor 802. 11 Wireless WLAN Sponsor 802. 15 Wireless Personal Area Networks 802. 17 Resilient Packet Ring 802. 16 Broadband Wireless Broadband Access IEEE 802. 11: ~500 Participants Voting Members ~300 www. ieee 802. org/11 Version 1. 0 Sponsor 802. 19 Co-existence TAG 802. 18 Radio Regulatory TAG IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop 802. 21 Media Independent Handoff 802. 20 Mobile Broadband Wireless Access 802. 22 Wireless Regional Area Networks EEE 802 Page 6

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Activity History Feb 14, 1876: Bell files telephone patent June 1897: Marconi work- “Signaling through Space without Wires” 1970: ALOHAnet operational (Abramson, 9600 baud) 1976: Metcalf & Boggs: “Ethernet: Distributed Packet-Switching for Local Computer Networks” 1980: Project 802 formed , 125+ attendees) (1 Mbps initially, revised to 20 Mbps 1982) (Feb 1980: Ethernet Bluebook published (September , Digital. Intel, Xerox) 1981: FCC issues NOI for unlicensed spectrum 1983: First version of 802. 3 10 Base 5 spec completed 1985: FCC opens ISM Band- spread spectrum allowed 1985: First version of 802. 3 published (10 Mbps) 1987: Project 802. 4 L – Wireless Token Bus begins 1990: IEEE 802 drops 802. 4 L starts 802. 11 project 1990: 802. 3 10 BASE-T (802. 3 i) released 1997: IEEE 802. 11 standard approved (2. 4 GHz – 1 Mbps) 1999: Apple IBook introduced with integrated 802. 11 (Air. Port) EEE 802 07 -Dec-20 Version 1. 0 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop Page 8

Activity History 1997: IEEE 802. 11 standard approved (2. 4 GHz – 1 Mbps) 1998: UNII (Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure) Band - 5 GHz 1999: IEEE 802. 11 standard achieved ISO/IEC approval 1999: IEEE 802. 11 a (5 GHz – 54 Mbps) - approved IEEE 802. 11 b (2. 4 GHz- 11 Mbps)- approved 1999: Formation of WECA (now Wi-Fi Alliance) 2001: IEEE 802. 11 d Regulatory Domains - approved 2003: IEEE 802. 11 g (Higher rate 2. 4 GHz PHY) – approved IEEE 802. 11 i (Security) - approved IEEE 802. 11 h (Spectrum Mgmt) - approved IEEE 802. 11 f (interaccess point protocol) – approved 2005: IEEE 802. 11 e (MAC enhancements – Qo. S) – approved EEE 802 Version 1. 0 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop Page 9

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Market Size and Trends 2 million Units per day 900 800 700 Devices (million) 600 1 million Units per day 500 400 300 200 Enterprise APs Home/SOHO CE Phones PCs 100 0 Source: In-Stat 11 Version 1. 0 – Market size & segment diversity continues to increase 2006 2010 EEE 802 07 -Dec-20 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop Page 11

Wi-Fi Alliance • Founded 1999 • 400 member companies The Wi-Fi Alliance provides: • Interoperability certification programs – Over 9000 products certified • Market messaging EEE 802 http: //www. wi-fi. org/ Version 1. 0 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop Page 12

Wi-Fi Hotspot Public Access • 517, 242 hot spots in 144 countries • Source: Ji. Wire http: //v 4. jiwire. com/searchhotspot-locations. htm • 87% of US hotels offer Wi-Fi • Source: American Hotel & Lodging Assn EEE 802 Version 1. 0 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop Page 13

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Air is a Poor Substitute for Wire or Fiber • Large Scale fading – Attenuation (distance, obstructions) – Delay • Small scale fading – Multipath (Reflections) – Doppler – Frequency selective fading • Regulated & Shared – Regulatory considerations –by region – Interference 15 Version 1. 0 07 -Dec-20 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop EEE 802 Page 15

Wireless Constraints • Shannon-Hartley C= channel capacity (bits/sec) BW= channel bandwidth (Hz) S = Signal watts (not d. B) N = Noise C = BW x log 2 1+S N Friis path loss Prx = Gtx. Grx c 2 (4 pd)2 fc 2 Version 1. 0 x 1 s Nf Ptx IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop EEE 802 Page 16

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The 802 LAN Architecture OSI reference model 7 Application 6 Presentation 5 Session 4 Transport 3 Network End station (Higher Layers) MAC Bridge LLC RELAY 2 1 Link Physical MAC service user MAC service provider MAC MAC Phy Phy LAN LLC sublayer LAN MAC sublayer Physical layer Medium EEE 802 Version 1. 0 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop Page 18

802. 11 Project Scope EEE 802 Version 1. 0 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop Page 19

Basic Access Method - Protocol Behavior • The 802. 11 family uses a MAC layer known as CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance) • Ethernet uses CSMA/CD - collision detection). Concept • Listen on the channel. • If the channel is quiet (no active transmitters) - send a packet. • If channel is occupied- wait longer (exponential backoff) • 20 micro sec for DS systems. • If the channel is still idle at the end of the CONTENTION period the node transmits packet otherwise it repeats the waiting process EEE 802 Version 1. 0 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop Page 20

Distributed Control Function Interframe Space DIFS • DIFS = SIFS + (2 * Slot time) PHY Option Slot time (µs) 802. 11 b 20 DIFS (µs) 50 802. 11 a 9 34 802. 11 g 9 or 20 28 or 50 EEE 802 Version 1. 0 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop Page 21

Basic Service Protocol - Listen Before Talk 1 Mbps example Listen Talk 1500 Byte User DATA PPDU 12192 ms Talk SIFS ACK PPDU DIFS (listen) 50 ms SIFS ACK PPDU 10 ms 304 ms D = DCF Inter Frame Space (DIFS) S = Short Inter Frame Space (SIFS) Version 1. 0 Listen IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop 10 ms 304 ms EEE 802 Page 22

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Technology Solutions PHY • Bandwidth • Modulation • Multiple Streams , Multiple Antennas • Forward Error coding MAC • Media access efficiency • Quality of Service • Network measurement & Management • Security 24 Version 1. 0 07 -Dec-20 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop EEE 802 Page 24

Summary of Major PHY Projects • • A - 20 MHz BW, 5 GHz B - 20 MHz BW, 2. 4 GHz G - 20 & 40 MHz BW, 2. 4 GHz N - 20 & 40 MHz BW, 2. 4 & 5 GHz • • AC – 20 to 160 MHz BW, 5 GHz AD – 2 GHz BW, 60 GHz AF – TV White Space Spectrum AH – Unlicensed spectrum below 1 Gz EEE 802 Version 1. 0 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop Page 25

PHY Project Sequence 100 Gbps 10 year yardstick 10 Gbps ad ac 1 Gbps 802. 3 milestones 100 Mbps n a 10 Mbps g b 802. 11 milestones Original 1 Mbps 100 Kbps 80 85 90 95 00 05 10 15 EEE 802 Version 1. 0 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop Page 26

802. 11 Architecture Overview • Multiple Over the Air PHY options • One common MAC a b g n ac ad af ah 802. 11 MAC EEE 802 Version 1. 0 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop Page 27

Summary of Major MAC Projects • • • • Version 1. 0 D – Country information E - Qo. S F – Inter AP communication H – DFS, TPC Spectrum sharing with radars in 5 GHz J – Japan spectrum @ 4. 9 GHz K – Radio Measurement P – Vehicular Environments R – Fast roaming S – MESH Networking U – Inter-Networking V – Network Management W – Secure Management Frames Z – Tunneled Direct Link AA – Video Transport AE – Qo. S for Management Frames AI – Fast Initial Link Setup IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop EEE 802 Page 28

Overview of Project Objectives PHY (. 11, a, b, g, j, n, p, y, ac, ad, af, ah) • Change data rate options • Change spectrum MAC • Security (i, w) • Measurement and Management (k, v) • Flow control and Qo. S (e, aa, ae) • Time required to establish connection (p, r, ai) • Spectral Efficiency • Regulatory behavior (d, h) • Radio node connection topology (s, z) • Connection with other networks (u) Version 1. 0 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop EEE 802 Page 29

IEEE 802. 11 Standards Pipeline 802. 11 z TDLS 802. 11 s Mesh MAC 802. 11 u WIEN 802. 11 aa Video Transport 802. 11 ai FILS Smart Grid 802. 11 V Network Management 802. 11 ae Qo. S Mgmt Frm 802. 11 mb Revision 802. 11 ah 802. 11 af TVWS 802. 11 ac VHT 5 GHz PHY Discussion Topics Version 1. 0 802. 11 ad VHT 60 GHz Study groups TG without draft WG Letter Ballot IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop Sponsor Ballot 802. 11 r Fast Roam 802. 11 k RRM 802. 11 Y Contention Based Protocol 802. 11 p WAVE 802. 11 -2007 e Qo. S h DFS & TPC i Security f Inter AP a 54 Mbps 5 GHz 802. 11 n High Throughput (>100 Mbps) g 54 Mbps 2. 4 GHz 802. 11 W Management Frame Security 802. 11 b (’ 99) 11 Mbps 2. 4 GHz Published Amendment EEE 802 Published Standard Page 30

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Standard Revision Process 802. 11 -1999 Amendments • a • g • b • h • d • i • e • j 528 pages 802. 11 -2007 1220 pages Version 1. 0 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop EEE 802 Page 32

Standard Revision Process - underway 802. 11 -2007 1220 pages 802. 11 -revision D 7. 02 Version 1. 0 2608 pages Amendments • k (223 p) • n (560 p) D 11. 0 • p ( 45 p) D 11. 0 • r (116 p) • y ( 84 p) D 11. 0 • w (114 p) D 10. 0 • v (428 p) D 16. 0 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop EEE 802 Page 33

Standard Revision Process - underway 802. 11 -revision D 7. 02 2608 pages Amendments • u (218 p) D 13. 0 • s (361 p) D 9. 0 802. 11 -2012 ~3000 pages Version 1. 0 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop EEE 802 Page 34

Standard Revision Process 802. 11 -2012 ~3000 pages 802. 11 -2016 Publication ~ 4000 Version 1. 0 Amendments • aa (126 p) D 3. 0 • ac (193 p) D 0. 1 • ad (406 p) D 1. 1 • ae ( 49 p) D 2. 0 • af ( 159 p) D 1. 0 • ah ( ? ? ? p) D 1. 0 • ai ( ? ? ? p) D 1. 0 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop EEE 802 Page 35

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Unlicensed Frequency Bands • • • <700 MHz 900 MHz 2. 4 GHz 5 Ghz 60 GHz EEE 802 Version 1. 0 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop Page 37

Spectrum for current PHY Amendments 6 GHz a 5 GHz n j 4 GHz y 3 GHz 802. 11 2 GHz Version 1. 0 b g n 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 Calendar Time IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop EEE 802 Page 38

Spectrum – Forward Looking 100 GHz ad 10 GHz a n j y 1 GHz 802. 11 b g n ah . 1 GHz 1997 Version 1. 0 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop 2009 2011 2013 EEE 802 Page 39

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Further Details Follow 802. 11 s Mesh MAC 802. 11 u WIEN 802. 11 aa Video Transport 802. 11 ai FILS Smart Grid 802. 11 V Network Management 802. 11 ae Qo. S Mgmt Frm 802. 11 mb Revision 802. 11 ah 802. 11 af TVWS 802. 11 ac VHT 5 GHz PHY Discussion Topics Version 1. 0 802. 11 ad VHT 60 GHz Study groups TG without draft WG Letter Ballot IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop Sponsor Ballot 802. 11 z TDLS 802. 11 r Fast Roam 802. 11 k RRM 802. 11 Y Contention Based Protocol 802. 11 p WAVE 802. 11 -2007 e Qo. S h DFS & TPC i Security f Inter AP a 54 Mbps 5 GHz 802. 11 n High Throughput (>100 Mbps) g 54 Mbps 2. 4 GHz 802. 11 W Management Frame Security 802. 11 b (’ 99) 11 Mbps 2. 4 GHz Published Amendment EEE 802 Published Standard Page 41

802. 11 n - High Throughput Overall project goals • Much higher data rates – 20 & 40 MHz channel band widths – 1 to 4 spatial streams • 1 stream for Client (Mandatory) • 2 stream for Access Point (Mandatory) – ½ Guard Interval – 56 tones (in 20 MHz) – 5/6 coding – Green Field preamble – Block aggregation – Maximum PHY throughput of 600 Mbps • Better Range – Beam Steering • Status: Published 2009 Version 1. 0 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop EEE 802 Page 42

TGn Throughput EEE 802 Version 1. 0 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop Page 43

802. 11 P Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) Defines enhancements to support data exchange between high-speed vehicles and between these vehicles and the roadside infrastructure in the licensed ITS band of 5. 9 GHz. • Applications planned within the ITS domain (ITS services), including: – – – – collision avoidance traveller information toll collection commercial vehicle operations transit operations traffic management connecting the vehicle to the Internet. • Status: Published 2010 EEE 802 Version 1. 0 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop Page 44

802. 11 s MESH • An amendment to create a Wireless Distribution System with automatic topology learning and dynamic wireless path configuration. – – Target number of packet forwarding nodes: ~32 Support unicast and broadcast/multicast traffic Use 802. 11 i security or an extension thereof Extensible routing to allow for alternative forwarding path selection metrics and/or protocols – Use the 802. 11 four-address frame format or an extension – Interface with higher layers and connect with other networks using higher layer protocols • Status: Produced draft 4. 0 – preparing to go to Sponsor Ballot – Publication expected fall 2011 Version 1. 0 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop EEE 802 Page 45

Classic 802. 11 Wireless LAN Wired Infrastructure AP AP AP STA STA = radio link Version 1. 0 STA AP BSS = Basic Service Set STA STA ESS = Extended Service Set ≈ SSID Wireless Paradox: WLAN Access Points are Typically Wired EEE 802 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop Page 46

Unwire the WLAN with Mesh Wired Infrastructure Mesh AP Mesh Point Mesh AP STA = mesh radio link Version 1. 0 STA STA STA ESS = Extended Service Set ≈ SSID EEE 802 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop Page 47

MESH Tutorial • • • Title: IEEE 802. 11 MESH Date: Monday 14 March 2011 Time: 19: 30 -21: 00 Location: Marina Bay Sands, Sands Ballroom Registration fee: None • http: //ieee 802. org/Tutorials. shtml EEE 802 Version 1. 0 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop Page 48

Tgu – Wireless Interworking Background • As IEEE 802. 11 hotspot deployment has become more widespread throughout the world. • The growth of hotspots has resulted in more users becoming frustrated with the non uniformity of interworking systems (e. g. poor service definition, disparate registration procedures, non-ubiquitous roaming). • Generically these issues have been referred to as interworking, which refers to the functionality and interface between an IEEE 802. 11 access network and any external network. EEE 802 Version 1. 0 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop Page 49

Tgu – Wireless Interworking Objectives • The primary objective of IEEE 802. 11 u, is to create an amendment to address interworking issues between an IEEE 802. 11 access network and any external network to which it is connected. • Interworking, is actually a collection of different functionalities: – – – Online Enrolment Network Selection Security Authorization from Subscriber Network Media Independent Handover Support • Status: Last Draft balloted was D 13. 0 – Published Feb 2011 Version 1. 0 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop EEE 802 Page 50

802. 11 V Network Management • Explosive growth of 802. 11 wireless LANs emphasized the need to • Maintain network quality and security • Manage the RF environment – largely driven by interference from neighbouring wireless networks • Secure the network to maintain privacy and prevent unauthorized use. • Optimize the Network – improve the ability to shape the network Status: Last Draft balloted was D 16. 0 – Published Feb 2011 Version 1. 0 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop EEE 802 Page 51

TGv Content – Increased Station Power Saving • • • Traffic Filtering Service • Enables the AP to filter traffic for the station, and deliver only frames of a specified type. WNM-Sleep Mode • Provides an additional, extended power save mode. • When used with the Traffic Filtering Service, can provide significant station power savings, and provide a “Wake on WLAN” service. Flexible Broadcast/Multicast service • Enables multicast frames to be sent at longer delivery intervals and higher data rates, improving performance of multicast applications, and reducing station “awake time” Proxy ARP • Enables stations to remain in power save mode longer TIM Broadcast – Enables stations to check for queued traffic without receiving a full Beacon frame. EEE 802 Version 1. 0 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop Page 52

Example TGv Based Applications • “Wake on WLAN” Service– Stations sleep and are “awakened” when specific frames are received – Example application: User leaves corporate desktop in “sleep mode”, goes home, uses VPN from home to corporate LAN, wakes up and uses desktop remotely – Reduces power consumption of end devices, even stationary ones • Improved client power saving • Proxy ARP, TIM Broadcast, FBMS, Sleep Mode, Traffic Filtering • “Wireless Speakers” – Use Location services timing measurements to support audio synchronization • Improved Multicast Performance • Network Diagnostic Analysis/Troubleshooting • Co-located Interference Reporting, Diagnostic Reporting, Event Reporting, Multicast Diagnostics Reporting Version 1. 0 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop EEE 802 Page 53

802. 11 w – Protected Management Frames • One of the frame types defined in 802. 11 is “Action” sub-type “Management” • Management frames were previously less well protected than data frames. • The objective of this was to improve the security by providing data confidentiality of action management frames, deauthentication and disassociation frames • This standard protects networks from attack by malicious systems that forge disassociation requests that appear to be sent by valid equipment • Status: Last Draft balloted was D 10. 0 – Published 2009 Version 1. 0 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop EEE 802 Page 54

802. 11 z Tunneled Direct Link • The purposes of this amendment are to create a new DLS mechanism which: a) Does not require access point upgrades (i. e. supports DLS operation with the non-DLS capable access points), b) Which supports power save mode (when associated with either DLS or non-DLS capable access points), and c) Continues to allow operation of DLS in the presence of existing DLS capable access points • Status: Last Draft balloted was D 13. 0 – Published 2010 EEE 802 Version 1. 0 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop Page 55

P 802. 11 z example • • Access Point maintains control over network connection air times However, device pairs can optimize their conversation and use modes not supported by the access point EEE 802 Version 1. 0 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop Page 56

802. 11 AA Video Transport Stream • Provides a set of enhancements to 802. 11 MAC to significantly improve video streaming performance while maintaining data and voice performance by improving Multicast/Broadcast video streams for link reliability with low delay and jitter. • Enhancements to the 802. 11 MAC for robust video streaming offer: – Interworking with relevant 802. 1 mechanisms including, but not limited to, 802. 1 Qat, 802. 1 Qav and 802. 1 AS – Graceful degradation of video streams when there is insufficient channel capacity. – Increasing robustness in overlapping BSS environments, without the requirement for a centralised management entity. • Modifying EDCA timing and parameter selection for video transport • Status: Just completed WG balloting of draft 3. 0 – preparing to go to EEE Sponsor Ballot 802 Version 1. 0 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop Page 57

802. 11 AC Very High Throughput <6 GHz • Goal: A multi-user BSS peak aggregated throughput of at least 1 Gbps as measured at the MAC data service access point (SAP) [new term MU-MIMO, multi-user MIMO] • Robust and flexible bandwidth management: native support for simultaneous multiple bandwidth operation (within a given frequency band) • Add optional outdoor compatible delay spread resistance • Below 6 GHz carrier frequency operation excluding 2. 4 GHz operation and ensuring backward compatibility with legacy IEEE 802. 11 a/n devices in the 5 GHz unlicensed band. • Status: 0. 1 draft out for review – planning to begin balloting EEE on D 1. 0 in March 2011 802 Version 1. 0 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop Page 58

802. 11 AC Very High Throughput <6 GHz • • • 5 GHz PHY 20, 40, 80, 160 MHz & 80+80 channel bandwidth Up to 8 spatial streams Up to 4 simultaneous users per transmitter Modulation options: BPSK, QPSK, 16 QAM, 64 QAM, 256 QAM Code rates: ½, 2/3, ¾, 5/6 280 Data rates from 6. 5 Mbps [1 SS, ½ rate , 20 MHz, BPSK, 800 ns GI] to 6933. 3 Mbps [8 SS, 5/6 rate , 160 MHz, 256 QAM, 400 ns GI] EEE 802 Version 1. 0 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop Page 59

802. 11 AD Very High Throughput Market drivers for Very High Throughput wireless LAN, include: – Never ending quest for higher performance computing drives higher processing power. – Media appliances are moving to HD content, driving 10 X storage capacity and bandwidth requirements. • Mainstream Wired LAN products have shifted to Gigabit per second speeds. The trend for a purely wireless campus drives the need for wired equivalent multi-Gigabit per second wireless solutions. Aggregate capacity increase using reduced cell sizes. • Status: Completed preparation of draft 1. 0 – balloted in WG October 2010. Preparing comment resolutions for next draft EEE 802 revision and ballot. Version 1. 0 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop Page 60

802. 11 AD Very High Throughput • • • 60 GHz PHY 1. 88 GHz channel bandwidth 3 channels available in US, Europe, Japan Transmit power limits: US: 40 d. Bm Europe: 57 d. Bm Japan: 10 d. Bm Modulation options: SQPSK, 16 QAM, 64 QAM • Code rates: ½, 5/8, ¾, 13/16 • Data rates from 693 to 6756. 75 Mbps EEE 802 Version 1. 0 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop Page 61

802. 11 ae Qo. S for Management Frames • This project will consider the classification and prioritization of management frames • All IEEE 802. 11 MAC management frames are transmitted at the highest priority. • Previous amendments ‘k’, ‘y’, ‘w’, ‘v’, and ‘u’ have introduced features that rely on management frames, which are essential for network operation. • In some cases, the management traffic will contend with network data traffic and reduce the performance of certain WLAN applications. • Providing a mechanism to prioritize management frames will enable improved performance of IEEE 802. 11 networks • This project will consider management frames that are used in both preand post- association. • Management frames of subtype Action will be considered. Other management frame types may be considered. • Status: Just completed ballot on Version 1. 0 2 nd draft. IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop EEE 802 Page 62

802. 11 af - Operation in the TV White Spaces • This project will make the necessary MAC and PHY changes to enable 802. 11 products to take advantage of this additional spectrum available due to the global transition to Digital TV (DTV) and lightly used sub. Gigahertz RF spectrum now becoming available, much of it for unlicensed, license exempt and/or lightly licensed use. • Example, On November 4, 2008, the United States FCC approved Report & Order 08 -260, allowing unlicensed use of TV band spectrum, in accordance with Part 15. Subpart H of FCC rules. Ofcom (UK) is in the process of making this Digital Dividend band available, and the EU has conducted a consultation on the band. Other regulatory domains are expected to follow. • Status: Produced draft 1. 0 – just completed first ballot in February 2011 EEE 802 Version 1. 0 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop Page 63

TGah – Sub 1 GHz • Project proposes to use spectrum below 1 GHz. • Lower frequency will increase range • Channel bandwidths have typically been 20 MHz or more, lower channel bandwidth will be required. • Status: New Task group November 2011– working on Use Cases and will begin to develop first draft EEE 802 Version 1. 0 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop Page 64

TG ai (FILS) • Fast Initial Link Setup goal is to reduce initial association time to allow fast connection and data transfer in situations where users are very dense and highly mobile. Goal definition: • Build a secure, fast initial authentication that • a) is suitable for users experiencing a small dwell time in a cell (due to high mobility or small cell sizes users) • b) scales for large number of simultaneously occurring initial authentications • Status: New Task Group January 2011– describing Use Cases – will begin to develop first draft EEE 802 Version 1. 0 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop Page 65

Future Projects • • • Security Low power consumption Longer range Spectral efficiency Dynamic Spectrum Sharing Geolocation EEE 802 Version 1. 0 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop Page 66

802. 11 Links References • Home page for 802. 11 • http: //grouper. ieee. org/groups/802/11 • Documents • https: //mentor. ieee. org/802. 11/documents • Timelines & Project History • http: //www. ieee 802. org/11/Reports/802. 11_Timelines. htm • Engineering articles: Search 2, 879, 214 documents • http: //ieeexplore. ieee. org/Xplore/guesthome. jsp • Search for “ 802. 11” returns 6382 hits • Get 802 • http: //standards. ieee. org/about/get/802/802. 11. html Version 1. 0 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop EEE 802 Page 67

Articles about 802. 11 • • IEEE Wireless Communications IEEE Network IEEE Communications Magazine IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications IEEE Spectrum Proceedings of the IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing EEE 802 Version 1. 0 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop Page 68

Recently Published Papers re 802. 11 • • • • Selfishness in Mesh Networks MAC Layer Misbehavior in Wireless Networks: Challenges and Solutions Designing Vo. IP Session Management over Interworked WLAN-3 G Networks The need for Access Point Power Saving in Solar Powered WLAN MESH Networks Interworking of WLAN-UMTS Networks A Scalable Monitoring System for 802. 11 Wireless Networks Toward Dependable Networking: Secure Location and Privacy at the Link Layer Handover Management in Integrated WLAN and Mobile Wi. MAX Networks Minimum Interference Channel Assignment in Multiradio Mesh Networks An Equal-Spacing-Based Design for Qo. S Guarantee in 802. 11 e HCCA Wireless Networks New MAC Scheme Supporting Voice/Data Traffic in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks Improving Security of Real-Time Wireless Networks Through Packet Scheduling A Cross-Layer Approach for Per-Station Fairness in TCP over WLANs EEE Revisiting the Hidden terminal Problem in a CSMA/CA Wireless Network Version 1. 0 802 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop Page 69

The IEEE Shop EEE 802 Version 1. 0 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop Page 70

Get 802 – 802. 11 examples IEEE 802. 11™: WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORKS (LANs) IEEE 802. 11 -2007 IEEE Standard for Information technology — Telecommunications and information exchange between systems — Local and metropolitan area networks — Specific requirements — Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications An interpretation is available. IEEE 802. 11 k-2008 IEEE Standard for Information technology — Telecommunications and information exchange between systems — Local and metropolitan area networks — Specific requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC)and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications Amendment 1: Radio Resource Measurement of Wireless LANs IEEE 802. 11 n-2009 IEEE Standard for Information technology-Telecommunications and information exchange between systems--Local and metropolitan area networks--Specific requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications Amendment 5: EEE Enhancements for Higher Throughput 802 Version 1. 0 IEEE 802 March 2011 workshop Page 71