IEEE 802 11 Overview of IEEE 802 11

IEEE 802. 11 Overview of IEEE 802. 11 Wireless Local Area Networks Rolf de Vegt EEE 802 Version 1. 0 IEEE 802. 11 -11 -864 -000 r 0 Overview of IEEE 802. 11 WLAN Page 1

Abstract This document provides an Overview for ISO/JTC 1/SC 6 of IEEE 802. 11, Global Market impact of 802. 11 based products and services and 802. 11 standardization projects currently underway EEE 802 Version 1. 0 IEEE 802. 11 -11 -864 -000 r 0 Overview of IEEE 802. 11 WLAN Page 2

Topics • IEEE Working Group 802. 11 • Symbiotic relationship between IEEE 802. 11 and Wi-Fi Alliance • Success in global proliferation of 802. 11 based technology • International participation in 802. 11 • Highlights of existing 802. 11 standards • New 802. 11 projects in the standardization pipeline EEE 802 Version 1. 0 IEEE 802. 11 -11 -864 -000 r 0 Overview of IEEE 802. 11 WLAN Page 3

IEEE 802 Organization IEEE Standards Association Standards Activities Board Sponsor IEEE 802 Local and Metropolitan Area Networks (LMSC) 802. 1 Higher Layer LAN Protocols 802. 3 CSMA/CD Ethernet 802. 5 Token Passing Ring Sponsor 802. 11 Wireless WLAN Sponsor 802. 15 Wireless Personal Area Networks 802. 17 Resilient Packet Ring 802. 16 Broadband Wireless Broadband Access IEEE 802. 11: ~500 Participants Voting Members ~300 www. ieee 802. org/11 Version 1. 0 Sponsor 802. 19 Co-existence TAG 802. 18 Radio Regulatory TAG IEEE 802. 11 -11 -864 -000 r 0 Overview of IEEE 802. 11 WLAN 802. 21 Media Independent Handoff 802. 20 Mobile Broadband Wireless Access 802. 22 Wireless Regional Area Networks EEE 802 Page 4

• • International trade association of more than 400 computing, handset, consumer electronics makers and service providers Industry leader and collaboration forum, innovating for 11 years to meet the needs of a wide variety of users and use environments Enabling worldwide Wi-Fi® adoption and inclusion in a wide array of devices through testing, market building, and regulatory programs Wi-Fi CERTIFIED™ products deliver advanced technology, the best user experience and the latest security protections Source: Wi-Fi Alliance Version 1. 0 IEEE 802. 11 -11 -864 -000 r 0 Overview of IEEE 802. 11 WLAN Sponsor Members listed at top. Full list of member companies at www. wi-fi. org Wi-Fi Alliance facilitates market adoption of IEEE 802. 11 based technology EEE 802 Page 5

Broad distribution of Wi-Fi Alliance Membership by Industry and Geography EEE 802 Source: Wi-Fi Alliance Version 1. 0 IEEE 802. 11 -11 -864 -000 r 0 Overview of IEEE 802. 11 WLAN Page 6

Wi-Fi CERTIFIED Quick Facts New applications and devices, unprecedented demand for product testing • More than 10, 000 product certifications to date • 2010 set a new certification volume benchmark at 2, 357 product certifications – up 61% from 2009 • 2, 900+ products certified to support next-generation Wi-Fi CERTIFIED n • 1000 Wi-Fi CERTIFIED mobile handsets to date, including 300+ with Wi-Fi CERTIFIED n • All Wi-Fi CERTIFIED products have WPA 2 security protections • Growing more than 50% annually; 2011 product certifications on track to surpass 3, 000 EEE 802 Source: Wi-Fi Alliance Version 1. 0 IEEE 802. 11 -11 -864 -000 r 0 Overview of IEEE 802. 11 WLAN Page 7

Wi-Fi adoption cycle driving an explosion of products & applications Media Viewer LCD/Plasma TVs E-book Reader Refrigerator Projector Photo Frames Network Music Player/Server Network Web Camera WAN Internet Radio/Audio Blu-ray Player Automobile Source: Wi-Fi Alliance Version 1. 0 IEEE 802. 11 -11 -864 -000 r 0 Overview of IEEE 802. 11 WLAN EEE 802 Page 8

802. 11 based market volume; 1 BN in 2011, 2 BN in 2015 • Around 1 BN 802. 11 WLAN Units to be shipped this year • Projection for 2 BN Units in 2015 • Majority of Wi-Fi devices shipping today support the latest form of Wi-Fi technology (802. 11 n) • Wi-Fi CERTIFIED n delivers performance, range, and robustness to meet the needs of demanding enterprise, consumer and carrier applications Source: Wi-Fi Alliance Version 1. 0 IEEE 802. 11 -11 -864 -000 r 0 Overview of IEEE 802. 11 WLAN Source: ABI Research, May 2010 EEE 802 Page 9

With data-hungry devices growing fast, hotspots and wireless cities are more important than ever • Service providers worldwide are investing heavily in Wi-Fi hotspots, zones and Wireless cities to complement cellular WAN • • • Today’s 750, 000 hotspots worldwide expected to more than double by 2014 China Mobile recently announced plans to deploy 1 million Wi-Fi hotspots by 2013 Device and infrastructure makers are announcing new products to help service providers offload users from cellular networks to Wi-Fi Source: Wi-Fi Alliance Version 1. 0 IEEE 802. 11 -11 -864 -000 r 0 Overview of IEEE 802. 11 WLAN EEE 802 Page 10

IEEE 802. 11 and the WLAN Industry in general is Global in its Orientation and Operation • Initial development (802. 11 b) originated in Europe (Netherlands) • Subsequent PHY projects (. 11 g and. 11 n) spearheaded by North American companies • Recent PHY projects (. 11 ac, . 11 ad, . 11 af, . 11 ah) include active participants from a large number of countries • For example the recent submission for the creation of Draft 1. 0 of 802. 11 ac (doc 11/1361) lists participants from the following companies: – – – – Version 1. 0 Broadcom (USA) Celeno (Israel) Cisco (USA) ETRI (South Korea) Huawei (China) Intel (USA) Kyushi Institute (Japan) LG Electronics (South Korea) - Marvell (USA) - Mediatek (Taiwan) - Qualcomm (USA) - Radrix (Japan) - Realtek (Taiwan) - Samsung (South Korea) - ST Ericsson (Italy / France) - ZTE (China) IEEE 802. 11 -11 -864 -000 r 0 Overview of IEEE 802. 11 WLAN EEE 802 Page 11

802. 11 Architecture Overview • Multiple Over the Air PHY options • One common MAC a b g n ac ad af ah 802. 11 MAC EEE 802 Version 1. 0 IEEE 802. 11 -11 -864 -000 r 0 Overview of IEEE 802. 11 WLAN Page 12

802. 11 PHY Project Timeline and Speeds 100 Gbps 10 year yardstick 10 Gbps ad ac 1 Gbps 802. 3 (Ethernet) milestones 100 Mbps n a 10 Mbps g b 802. 11 milestones Original 1 Mbps 100 Kbps 80 85 90 95 00 05 Calendar Year Version 1. 0 IEEE 802. 11 -11 -864 -000 r 0 Overview of IEEE 802. 11 WLAN 10 15 EEE 802 Page 13

Summary of Major MAC Projects • • • • Version 1. 0 D – Country information E - Qo. S F – Inter AP communication H – DFS, TPC Spectrum sharing with radars in 5 GHz J – Japan spectrum @ 4. 9 GHz K – Radio Measurement P – Vehicular Environments R – Fast roaming S – MESH Networking U – Inter-Networking V – Network Management W – Secure Management Frames Z – Tunneled Direct Link AA – Video Transport AE – Qo. S for Management Frames AI – Fast Initial Link Setup IEEE 802. 11 -11 -864 -000 r 0 Overview of IEEE 802. 11 WLAN EEE 802 Page 14

802. 11 ac: Very High Throughput in the 5 GHz Frequency Band • Scope of 802. 11 ac is Updates to both PHY and Mac to enable: New Technologies: • • • A multi-station network throughput of at least 1 Gbps • A maximum single link throughput of at least 500 Mbps • Below 6 GHz carrier frequency operation, excluding 2. 4 GHz operation • I. e. 5 GHz operation generally, using same spectrum in use for. 11 a and. 11 n • – Working Group Ballot on Draft 1. 0 – Program projected to be finalized in Q 4 2013 – Wi-Fi Alliance is developing a. 11 ac Interoperability Certification program Version 1. 0 • up to 8 SS, vs. 4 in. 11 n Multi-user MIMO (‘SDMA’) • multiple STAs, each with potentially multiple antennas, transmit or receive independent data streams simultaneously Modulation • 256 -QAM, rate ¾ and 5/6, added as optional modes) Tx Beamforming • • 80 and 160 MHz More spatial streams • • • Status: Wider channel bandwidths Single sounding and feedback format for beamforming Coexistence • Coexistence mechanisms for 20/40/80/160 MHz channels, 11 ac and 11 a/n devices IEEE 802. 11 -11 -864 -000 r 0 Overview of IEEE 802. 11 WLAN EEE 802 Page 15

Examples of new configurations enabled by. 11 ac Scenario* Typical Client Form-factor Link Rate Aggregate Capacity 1 Tx AP, 1 Rx, 80 MHz Handheld 433 Mbps 2 Tx AP, 2 Rx, 80 MHz Tablet, Laptop 867 Mbps 1 Tx AP, 1 Rx, 160 MHz Handheld 867 Mbps 2 Tx AP, 2 Rx, 160 MHz Tablet, Laptop 1. 73 Gbps 4 Tx AP, 4 1 -Rx STAs, 160 MHz Handheld 867 Mbps to each STA 3. 47 Gbps 8 Tx AP; 160 MHz • 1 4 -Rx STA • 1 2 -RX STAs • 2 1 -RX STAs DTV, STB, Tablet, 3. 47 Gbps to 4 RX STA; PC, Handheld 6. 9 Gbps 8 Tx AP; 4 2 -Rx STAs, 160 MHz DTV, Tablet, Laptop, PC 6. 9 Gbps 1. 73 Gbps to 2 RX STA; 867 Mbps to each 1 -RX STA 1. 73 Gbps to each STA * All scenarios assume 245 QAM Modulation, and rate 5/6 coding Version 1. 0 IEEE 802. 11 -11 -864 -000 r 0 Overview of IEEE 802. 11 WLAN EEE 802 Page 16

802. 11 ad: Very High Throughput in the 60 GHz Frequency Band • • • The 60 GHz ISM band provides the opportunity for much wider band channels than in <6 GHz enabling single link throughputs greater than 1 Gbps Fast session transfer provides seamless rate fall back between VHT and 802. 11 n for multi-band devices As an amendment to 802. 11, . 11 ad VHT maintains the 802. 11 user experience; – maintaining the network architecture of the 802. 11 system – Reuse and maintain backward compatibility to 802. 11 management plane • E. g. association, authentication, security, measurement, capability exchange, MIB Version 1. 0 • Key motivation is the large amount of globally available unlicensed spectrum in the 60 GHz frequency band • Status: – Currently in Working Group Letterballot on Draft 3. 0 – Projected to be finalized in Q 4 2012 – Wi-Fi Alliance developing an EEE interoperability certification program 802 IEEE 802. 11 -11 -864 -000 r 0 Overview of IEEE 802. 11 WLAN Page 17

Summary of 802. 11 ad (60 GHz) Enhancements Item Feature Technical details Network architecture Infra-BSS, IBSS, PBSS Backward compatibility to 802. 11 + native WPAN support Medium access Scheduled access and contention access Enables both the low power and the high performance devices Power saving Advanced power saving techniques Security mechanism GCMP PHY SC and OFDM, with common preamble and coding Can be more power efficient than today’s 802. 11 Secure communication at Gbps rates • Up to 7 Gbps with OFDM • Up to 4. 6 Gbps with SC Beamforming Unified and flexible beamforming scheme Enables robust communication at ranges beyond 10 m Fast session transfer Multi-band operation across 2. 4/5/60 GHz Built-in efficient and seamless support for multi-band radios Version 1. 0 IEEE 802. 11 -11 -864 -000 r 0 Overview of IEEE 802. 11 WLAN EEE 802 Page 18

802. 11 ae Qo. S for Management Frames Scope of. 11 ae • This project will consider the classification and prioritization of management frames Background and Purpose • • • All IEEE 802. 11 MAC management frames are transmitted at the highest priority. Previous amendments ‘k’, ‘y’, ‘w’, ‘v’, and ‘u’ have introduced features that rely on management frames, which are essential for network operation. In some cases, the management traffic will contend with network data traffic and reduce the performance of certain WLAN applications. Providing a mechanism to prioritize management frames will enable improved performance of IEEE 802. 11 networks This project will consider management frames that are used in both pre- and postassociation. • Status: – Just completed working group ballot on 3 rd draft – Projected to be finalized during H 1 2012 Version 1. 0 IEEE 802. 11 -11 -864 -000 r 0 Overview of IEEE 802. 11 WLAN EEE 802 Page 19

802. 11 af - Operation in the TV White Spaces Context: • With the global transition to Digital TV (DTV), sub-Gigahertz RF spectrum is becoming available, much of it for unlicensed, license exempt and/or lightly licensed use Objective: • Make the necessary MAC and PHY changes to enable 802. 11 products to take advantage of this additional spectrum Examples: • On November 4, 2008, the United States FCC approved Report & Order 08 -260, allowing unlicensed use of TV band spectrum, in accordance with Part 15. Subpart H of FCC rules • Ofcom (UK) is in the process of making this Digital Dividend band available • EU has conducted a consultation on the band Status: • Produced draft 1. 0 – completed first ballot in February 2011 • Dependency on. 11 ac PHY definition since. 11 ac PHY is expected to be the basis for the EEE 802. 11 af PHY 802 Version 1. 0 IEEE 802. 11 -11 -864 -000 r 0 Overview of IEEE 802. 11 WLAN Page 20

TGah – Sub 1 GHz Operation • Project proposes to use unlicensed spectrum below 1 GHz globally • Project targeting longer range, lower power consumption, lower throughput WLAN applications • Initial set of Use Cases cover: – Sensors and Metering – Backhaul for Sensors and Metering – Extended Range Wi-Fi • Expected to define narrower bandwidth operation compared to typical 802. 11 WLAN • Status: – – Version 1. 0 Adopted first version of Use Case document Developing Channel Model document and Functional Requirements Projecting letter-ballot on first draft in July 2012 Projected completion, July 2014 IEEE 802. 11 -11 -864 -000 r 0 Overview of IEEE 802. 11 WLAN EEE 802 Page 21

TG ai (Fast Initial Link Set Up) Context: • The project's primary need comes from an environment where mobile users are constantly entering and leaving the coverage area of an existing extended service set (ESS) • Every time a device enters an ESS the devices hat to conduct an initial link set-up to establish WLAN connectivity. Objectives: • Define efficient mechanisms that: (a) scale with a high number of users simultaneously entering an ESS (b) minimize the time spent within the initial link set-up phase (c) securely provide initial authentication • Optimizations may include improvements to: – access point / network discovery – secure authentication, – mechanisms to support concurrency in the exchange of higher layer protocol messages during the authentication phase Status: • Taskgroup started January 2011 Version 1. 0 IEEE 802. 11 -11 -864 -000 r 0 Overview of IEEE 802. 11 WLAN EEE 802 Page 22

Recap • The IEEE 802. 11 Working Group has a very strong record in creating global standards for WLAN applications that are shipping in high volume, enabling usages that are highly valued by customers • In conjunction with the Wi-Fi Alliance, IEEE 802. 11 is seen as a world class example for effectively creating and implementing global standards • The IEEE 802. 11 family of standards is: – Coherently designed with from a mindset of global interoperability and coexistence – Broad in its design of to meet multiple application area requirements (e. g. Mesh, Network Management, Video transport) – Rapidly evolving to enable new usages and global spectrum opportunities • IEEE 802. 11 has been International with a global scope from its inception and has been open and responsive to inputs from participants across the globe Version 1. 0 IEEE 802. 11 -11 -864 -000 r 0 Overview of IEEE 802. 11 WLAN EEE 802 Page 23