IDOLATRY AND DIVINATION By Dexcem Pantinople Chris Galileo
IDOLATRY AND DIVINATION By: Dexcem Pantinople Chris Galileo Galila Dan Conrad Barongan Jessie May Cantil Jeremy Boquiren Philip Jun Requiso Kesiel Jia Monsales Cyril Marie Lambojon Jack Paul Donald Ybanez Liza Grace Cuizon
IDOLATRY
What is “IDOLATRY” ? ?
IDOLATRY o Idolatry is usually defined as worship of any cult image, idea, or object, as opposed to the worship of a monotheistic God. It is considered a major sin in the Abrahamic religions whereas in religions where such activity is not considered a sin, the term "idolatry" itself is absent. Which images, ideas, and objects, constitute idolatry, and which constitute reasonable worship, is a matter of contention with some religious authorities and groups using the term to describe certain other religions apart from their own (sometimes resulting in iconoclasm).
An example of IDOLATRY: "The Adoration of the Golden Calf" by Nicolas Poussin.
What is its ETYMOLOGY? o The word idolatry comes (by haplology) from the Greek word εἰδωλολατρία eidololatria parasynthetically from εἰδωλολάτρης from εἴδωλον eidolon, "image" or "figure", and λάτρις latris, "worshipper"[1] or λατρεύειν latreuein, "to worship" from λάτρον latron "payment". Although the Greek appears to be a loan translation of the Hebrew phrase avodat elilim, which is attested in rabbinic literature (e. g. , b. Chul. , 13 b, Bar. ), the Greek term itself is not found in the Septuagint, Philo, Josephus, or in other Hellenistic Jewish writings. It is also not found in Greek literature. In the New Testament, the Greek word is found only in the letters of Paul, 1 Peter, 1 John, and Revelation, where it has a derogatory meaning. Hebrew terms for idolatry include avodah zarah (foreign worship) and avodat kochavim umazalot (worship of planets and constellations).
Divination
What is “DIVINATION” ? ?
Divination o Divination (from Latin divinare "to foresee, to be inspired by a god"[2], related to divinus, divine) is the attempt to gain insight into a question or situation by way of a standardized process or ritual. [3] Diviners ascertain their interpretations of how a querent should proceed by reading signs, events, or omens, or through alleged contact with a supernatural agency. [4] Divination can be seen as a systematic method with which to organize what appear to be disjointed, random facets of existence such that they provide insight into a problem at hand. If a distinction is to be made between divination and fortunetelling, divination has a formal or ritual and often social character, usually in a religious context, as seen in traditional African medicine; while fortune-telling is a more everyday practice for personal purposes. Particular divination methods vary by culture and religion.
o Divination is often dismissed by sceptics, including the scientific community, as being mere superstition: in the 2 nd century, Lucian devoted a witty essay to the career of a charlatan, Alexander the false prophet, trained by "one of those who advertise enchantments, miraculous incantations, charms for your love-affairs, visitations for your enemies, disclosures of buried treasure, and successions to estates"[5], though most Romans believed in dreams and charms. It is considered a sin in most Christian denominations and Judaism. According to Zohar, Naamah is the mother of divination.
Categories for Divination: Psychologist Julian Jaynes categorized divination according to the following four types: o Omens and omen texts. "The most primitive, clumsy, but enduring method. . . is the simple recording of sequences of unusual or important events. " (1976: 236) Chinese history offers scrupulously documented occurrences of strange births, the tracking of natural phenomena, and other data. Chinese governmental planning relied on this method of forecasting for long-range strategy. It is not unreasonable to assume that modern scientific inquiry began with this kind of divination; Joseph Needham's work considered this very idea.
o Sortilege (cleromancy). This consists of the casting of lots, or sortes, whether with sticks, stones, beans, coins, or some other item. Modern playing cards and board games developed from this type of divination. o Augury. Divination that ranks a set of given possibilities. It can be qualitative (such as shapes, proximities, etc. ): for example, dowsing (a form of rhabdomancy) developed from this type of divination. The Romans in classical times used Etruscan methods of augury such as hepatoscopy (actually a form of extispicy). Haruspices examined the livers of sacrificed animals. Note that augury is normally considered to specifically refer to divination by studying the flight patterns of birds.
o Spontaneous. An unconstrained form of divination, free from any particular medium, and actually a generalization of all types of divination. The answer comes from whatever object the diviner happens to see or hear. Some religions use a form of bibliomancy: they ask a question, riffle the pages of their holy book, and take as their answer the first passage their eyes light upon. Other forms of spontaneous divination include reading auras and New Age methods of Feng Shui such as "intuitive" and Fuzion.
Common Methods in Divination: >Astrology, movements of celestial bodies >Augury, bird flight An augur holding a lituus, the curved wand often used as a symbol of augury on Roman coins
> Bibliomancy, books; frequently, but not always, religious texts >Cartomancy, cards - Taromancy, a form of cartomancy using tarot cards The Fortune Teller, by Art Nouveau painter Mikhail Vrubel, depicting a cartomancer
>Cheiromancy, palms - Palmistry, lines and mounds on the hand The Fortune Teller, by Caravaggio (1594– 95; Canvas; Louvre), depicting a palm reading >Chronomancy, about time, lucky/unlucky days >Cybermancy, computers >Extispicy, animal entrails >Feng shui, earthen harmony
>Gastromancy, stomach-based ventriloquism >Geomancy, markings in the ground, or the way earth or soil lays when thrown Geomantic instrument, Egypt or Syria, 1241 -1242 CE, made by Muhammad ibn Khutlukh al Mawsuli. When turning the dials, random designs of dots would appear, which were then interpreted. British Museum. >Haruspicy, livers of sacrificed animals The bronze sheep's liver of Piacenza, with Etruscan inscriptions
>Hydromancy, water The calm surface of water after being disrupted. There are many methods attributed to Hydromancy, including noting the ripples, color, ebb and flow of the water >I Ching divination, yarrow stalks or coins and the I Ching >Lithomancy, stones or gems > Necromancy, the dead, or <--- spirits/souls of the dead
>Numerology, numbers >Oneiromancy, dreams >Pyromancy, fire >Rhabdomancy, rods >Runecasting/Runic divination, runes Bracteate G 205 (ca. 5 th to 7 th century), bearing the inscription alu. The Crystal Ball by John William Waterhouse (1902, oil on canvas) <-- >Scrying, reflective objects -Crystallomancy, crystal ball
>Spirit board, planchette or talking board divination A Ouija board (/ˈwiːdʒiː/), from French "oui" and German "ja" also known as a spirit board or talking board, is a flat board marked with letters, numbers, and other symbols, supposedly used to communicate with spirits >Tasseomancy, tea leaves or coffee grounds Spring Pouchong tea (Chinese: 包種茶; pinyin: Bāozhòngchá) leaves that may be used for tasseography divination
Examples of Divination: Ouija Board This man in Rhumsiki, Cameroon, tells the future by interpreting the changes in Psychics usually use this to contact spirits from position of various objects as caused by a the other world. fresh-water crab through nggàm.
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