Identifying Acids and Bases 1 2 3 4
Identifying Acids and Bases 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. p. H Formula Name Characteristics Reaction to other substances
Identifying Acids, Bases and Salts 2. By their formula: Compound HX YOH YX Ions H+ X- Y+ OH- Y+ X- Type acid base salt
Identifying Acids Most acids begin with an H: HCl. O 3 H 3 BO 3 HNO 3 H 2 SO 4 HN Exceptions: water H 20 and acids containing carbon: CH 3 COOH
Identifying Acids • Acids behave like acids only when dissolved in water. • It is only in solution where they dissociate and give up their protons (H+). • Therefore, acids are often written with subscript (aq) = aqueous solution • eg HCl (aq)
Binary Acids • Hydrogen is bonded to a second non-metal: • HCl, HF, HBr, HI, H 2 S
Naming Acids • Acids must be in solution. • The formula HF does not indicate state of matter: solid compound: hydrogen fluoride in solution: hydrofluoric acid.
Naming Acids • If in aqueous form, use: Hydro………. ic acid eg. HCl Hydrochloric acid • If no state is given, use: Hydrogen…. . …. -ide eg. HCl Hydrogen chloride
Naming Binary Acids Name the acid HI (Hydrogen Iodide): 1. Start with hydro 2. Take anion root -iod 3. add -ic 4. Add to end acid 5. Hydroiodic acid
Naming Binary Acids Name H 2 S (hydrogen sulfide) as an acid in solution: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Start with Hydro. Add anion root Sulfur. Add -ic Add Acid Hydrosulfuric Acid
Naming Acids with Oxygen (polyatomic ions) • Do not add hydrogen to these names • Naming depends the anion (-ate, -ite, per-) • If ion ends in "-ate“, add “ic” Eg. NO 3 is called nitrate, So HNO 3 (hydrogen nitrate) will be nitric acid Eg: hydrogen perchlorate ……HCl. O 4 (aq) will be perchloric acid
Naming Acids Example SO 4 2 - H 2 SO 4 (aq) Sulfate Hydrogen sulfate or Sulfuric acid
Naming Acids • CH 3 COOH (aq) acetate ion hydrogen acetate acetic acid • Br. O 3 - bromate • HBr. O 3 hydrogen bromate • HBr. O 3 (aq) bromic acid
Naming Acids: Polyatomic with Oxygen • Polyatomic ion ending in “–ite”, The acid will end in "-ous. " Example: Cl. O 2 - anion is chlorite, HCl. O 2 is called chlorous acid
Naming Acids • SO 3 2 • H 2 SO 3 (aq) Sulfite ion hydrogen sulfite sulfurous acid
Naming Acids: Polyatomic with Oxygen Example, the perchlorate ion is Cl. O 4 -, HCl. O 4 (aq) is called perchloric acid.
Naming Acids Summary • Binary Acids: hydro……ic acid • Containing Polyatomic ion with Oxygen: Anion Ends with –ate Ends with –ite Starts with per. Starts with hypo- Acid ……………ic acid ………. . …ous acid per…………ic acid hypo……. . ous acid
Common Acids • • Hydrochloric acid – stomach acid (HCl) Muriatic acid – pool disinfectant (also HCl) Acetic acid - vinegar , CH₃COOH Citric acid – lemon juice, C₆H₈O₇ Lactic acid - fermented milk CH₃CHCO₂H Ascorbic acid – vitamin C, C 6 H 8 O 6 sufuric acid – battery acid, H 2 SO 4 Nitro-hydrochloric acid -Aqua regia
Bases • Bases can be identified by their chemical formula: The chemical formula of a base usually ends with hydroxide ion (-OH). • Bases usually start with a metal or NH 4 + See page 227
Bases • Bases, like acids, behave like bases only when dissolved in water. • Therefore, bases are often written with subscript (aq) = aqueous = in solution
Naming Bases- Strong • Most strong bases contain hydroxide (OH), a polyatomic ion. • Therefore, the naming strong bases follows same rules for naming ionic compounds: anion + cation • Na. OH is sodium hydroxide, • KOH is potassium hydroxide, • Ca(OH)2 is calcium hydroxide.
Naming Bases-Weak • Weak bases made of ionic compounds are also named using the ionic naming system. • NH 4 OH is ammonium hydroxide.
Common Household Bases Na. OH(aq) Na. Cl. O (aq) Mg(OH)2(aq) Ca (OH)2(aq) NH 4 OH(aq) Na 2 CO 3 Na. HCO 3 draino, caustic soda, lye, soap sodium hypochlorite-bleach antacid slaked lime ammonium hydroxide, cleaning products sodium carbonate (washing soda) sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) See page 227
Fun Facts about Bases • Sodium hydroxide is used to make soap. • Ammonium hydroxide is used to remove ink from clothes and remove grease from windows. • Bases are molecules which attract hydrogen ions from acidic molecules. • All alkalies (basic, ionic salt of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal) are bases, but not all bases are alkalies. • Baking soda can be used to fight fires by
Properties of Acids and Bases See page 229 Take the Section 5. 1 Quiz
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