Identify these Components Motherboard holds the CPU and

Identify these Components �Motherboard �holds the CPU and memory �CPU - central processing unit �the brains of the system �Ports �sockets that peripheral devices plug into. An interface on a computer used to connect a device �Memory �holds all data and instructions for all running programs �Gigabit � 230 or approximately 1 billion bits �Bus �the shared communication channel for all the components Find System information. See page 50&51 in your book. Or see About This Mac.

Understanding Hardware and Software CSCI 101 2

Review 1. What are the two main types of electronic signals? 2. What is the most used encoding scheme for the computer? 3. What numbering system does the computer use? 4. What is the most popular port? 5. What is 01101 binary converted to decimal?

Objectives Computer configuration review Storage types and capacities Memory types and uses System and application software File Management Cloud Computing

You have just gotten a new computer. It did not come with any software. 1. What software do you need? 2. Will all software run on your computer? 3. Can you get free software to do school work?

The System Unit Box that contains the central electronic components of the computer Complete the top of your notes page � The Motherboard ◦ CPU ◦ Memory ◦ Connections Expansion Cards and slots � Ports � Drives (storage devices) and bays �

Secondary Storage �Or Mass Storage Complete the Notes page �Magnetic �Optical Spiraling Track Detector Pit Land Sector

Buses: The CPU’s Data Highway � Bus ◦ Electrical pathway used to move data between components 01100010 01001000 01110011 00100111

Your computer information Determine the minimum and maximum processor speeds in the class. Processor Min Speed Max Speed Determine your hard drive size. How much memory do you have? What is cache?

How much is a byte? Abbr # Bytes Bit b 1/8 th Byte B 1 1 character Kilobyte KB 210 = 1024 ~ thousand 1. Text file Size 2. Small image 3. Megabyte MB 220 1. CD – 700 MB 2. 3. ~ million Gigabyte GB 230 ~ billion Terabyte TB Petabyte PB (Quadrillion) Exa, Zetta, Yottabyte Where measure used 1. 2. 7 min of HD-TV video (1 GB) 240 ~ trillion 1. 250 bytes 1, 024 TB Supercomputer hard disk size 13. 3 yrs HD-TV video (1 PB)

Memory Types (notes) �Volatile ◦ RAM ◦? �Non-Volatile ◦ ROM ◦ PROM ◦ Flash

Software Types (Definitions from Notes)

Desktop and Notebook Operating Systems � Name some operating systems ◦ ◦ Microsoft Windows MAC OS X Mountain Lion UNIX Linux MAC OS Linux

Freeware and Shareware Complete matching on Notes Freeware: Copyrighted software you can get free � Beta versions: still under development � Shareware: allows users to run it for a limited time free of charge � Open source: free to use �

Productivity and Business Software: Database Software �Store and organize data �Fields > Records>Tables Copyright

File Management 1. The OS helps you organize files 2. Hierarchical structure 3. Understand the parts and functions of a file path name

File Management: Organizing Your Files �File �Folder �Library Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

File Management: Naming Files �File name �Extension, or file type Copyright © 2015 Pearson

Cloud Computing �On Demand Computing ◦ Software ◦ Hardware

Cloud VM VM VM Go To

Managing Your Software: Software Licenses �End User License Agreement (EULA) �States the following: ◦ Ultimate owner of software ◦ Whether copies can be made ◦ Number of installations allowed ◦ Warranties Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Managing Your Software: Software Licenses �Single License �Multiuser licenses might be available �Open source

Managing Your Software: Getting the Right Software for Your System �Software programs have sets

Managing Your Software: Installing and Uninstalling Software �DVD or downloading from the Internet �Full

Managing Your Software: Installing and Uninstalling Software �Recovering from a computer crash ◦ Create

http: //media. pearsoncmg. com /ph/bp/bp_evans_soundbytes_ 2/docs/bin/main. html

Data compression �A means of reducing the amount of space or bandwidth needed to store or transmit a block of data. ◦ lossless compression �No bits are lost ◦ lossy compression �Some bits are lost

Ask not what your country can do for you. Ask what you can do for your country. Space required: 63+16 = 80 bytes � Assign codes � 1 Ask 2 not 3 what 4 your 5 country 6 can 7 do 8 for 9 you A. 123456789 A 13967845 A Space required: 19+19 = 38 bytes � The larger the message, the more the redundancy, the better the compression. � � Another example of compression based on run-length Replace repeats or runs of the same value with a count of the value followed by the value. � � 1112222223346666333333 316223144663

Summary 7 Computer configuration 9 Byte measures 7 Memory types and uses 7 System and application software 7 Storage types and capacities 9 Data compression

�What is the difference between application software and system software?

Review 7 Compare generations of computer history 7 1 st: computer programmer, build a computer 7 History of computers: before 1950, and PC’s 9 Computer’s method of data representation 9 Discern encoding schemes & number systems 7 Define w/ex: ports, expansion boards, drives. 7 Common configurations: processor speed, memory capacity, storage capacity 7 What is the motherboard and its components

Review 7 What is cache memory 7 Memory types? 7 System versus application software and examples. 7 Magnetic versus optical media. Examples. 7 Identify storage capacity of common storage devices 7 Define mass storage 9 Recall common byte measures 9 Explain Compression. Two types?

1. What is the single circuit board that enables information to flow between system components and on which the CPU and memory are mounted? A. Circuit master B. Electronic bus C. Motherboard D. Masterboard 2. What term is used to describe memory that losses its data when the electrical current is turned off or interrupted? A. Transient B. Volatile C. Rambus D. Cache 3. What is a type of PROM that is found on all new PCs, I/O devices, and storage devices and is easily altered by the user? A. RIMM B. SIMM C. DIMM D. Flash 4. What is the only language that is understood by a computer? A. BASIC B. Assembly C. Machine D. Processor 5. MS Office is a type of __________ software 6. MS Windows is a type of _________ software 7. Linux is a type of _________ software 8. Adobe Acrobat is a type of _________ software

1. What units are used to measure the capacity of high-speed cache memory? A. Kilobytes (KB) B. Megabytes (MB) C. Gigabytes (GB) D. Terabytes 2. What provides a direct link between the PC’s electrical bus and external peripheral devices? A. Expansion board B. Cable C. Port D. Pipeline 3. The two types of electronic signals are _____ and _____. 4. An electrical _____ permits data flow between the various system components. 5. What decimal number is represented by the binary number 100001?

1. What electronic signals are continuous waveforms in which variations in frequency and amplitude can be used to represent information from sound and numerical data? A. Analog B. Hybrid C. Packet D. Digital 2. What electronic signals are described in two states? A. Analog B. Hybrid C. Packet D. Digital 3. In a digital signal, how is the on state expressed? A. True B. False C. Zero D. One 4. In a digital signal, how is the off state expressed? A. True B. False C. Zero D. One 5. Which encoding system is used to represent 128 different characters? A. ASCII B. ANSI C. Unicode D. None of these is correct. 6. Which of the following is a 16 -bit encoding system that will enable computers and applications to talk to one another more easily and handles most languages of the world? A. ASCII 7. B. ANSI C. Unicode D. None of these is correct Which numbering system is used as shorthand to display the binary contents of RAM and disk storage? A. Binary (base-2) B. Octal (base-8) C. Decimal (base-10) D. Hexadecimal (base-16)